Stratospheric Aerosols, Polar Stratospheric Clouds, and Polar Ozone Depletion After the Mount Calbuco Eruption in 2015
Stratospheric Aerosols, Polar Stratospheric Clouds, and Polar Ozone Depletion After the Mount Calbuco Eruption in 2015
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DOI：
10.1029/2018jd028974
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yunqian Zhu;O. B. Toon;D. Kinnison;V. L. Harvey;Michael J. Mills;C. Bardeen;M. Pitts;N. Bègue;J. Renard;G. Berthet;F. Jégou
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作者：
Yunqian Zhu;O. B. Toon;D. Kinnison;V. L. Harvey;Michael J. Mills;C. Bardeen;M. Pitts;N. Bègue;J. Renard;G. Berthet;F. Jégou
我们调查2015年卡尔布科火山喷发和以前的喷发对平流层气溶胶，极地平流层云，臭氧消耗的影响，使用社区地球系统模型加上社区气溶胶和大气辐射模型与几个卫星和气球观测比较。模拟的火山硫酸盐气溶胶粒度分布与8月19日留尼汪岛站点（21°S，55°E）20公里处的光学气溶胶计数器观测结果一致，误差范围为0.1至1 μm。观测到的和模拟的后向散射和消光表明，火山硫酸盐气溶胶从卡尔布科火山喷发从中纬度向南极输送，并在运输过程中缓慢下降。它们还表明，从卡尔布科进入平流层的SO2排放量为0.2-0.4 Tg。模拟的数密度表明，火山硫酸盐气溶胶从卡尔布科火山喷发渗透到南极极涡在5月及以后，减少极地平流层云的有效半径。在模拟中，与微波临边探测器的观测结果相比，南极平流层的冻结太早，而且冻结得太多。可能需要硝酸三水合物的非均质成核或复杂的重力波表示来模拟具有较小下降速度的硝酸三水合物颗粒。火山硫酸盐气溶胶增加了9月份的臭氧消耗，特别是在100 hPa和70°S附近，相对于没有火山爆发的情况。模拟的表面积密度，较早的臭氧损失，和较大面积的臭氧洞是一致的存在下，在16公里处观察到的火山硫酸盐层，以及以前的研究。
We investigate the impact of the 2015 Mount Calbuco eruption and previous eruptions on stratospheric aerosols, polar stratospheric clouds, and ozone depletion using the Community Earth System Model coupled with the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres compared with several satellite and balloon observations. The modeled volcanic sulfate aerosol size distribution agrees with the Light Optical Aerosol Counter observation at the Reunion Island site (21°S, 55°E) on 19 August at 20 km within estimated 0.1‐ to 1‐μm radius error bars. Both the observed and simulated backscatter and extinction show that volcanic sulfate aerosol from the Mount Calbuco eruption was transported from midlatitude toward the Antarctic and slowly descended during transport. They also indicate that the SO2 emission into the stratosphere from Mount Calbuco is 0.2–0.4 Tg. The modeled number density indicates that the volcanic sulfate aerosol from the Mount Calbuco eruption penetrated into the Antarctic polar vortex in May and thereafter and reduced the polar stratospheric clouds effective radius. In the simulations, the Antarctic stratosphere denitrified too early and by too much compared with Microwave Limb Sounder observations. Heterogeneous nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate or sophisticated gravity wave representations may be required to simulate nitric acid trihydrate particles with smaller falling velocity. The volcanic sulfate aerosol increases the ozone depletion in September especially around 100 hPa and 70°S, relative to a case without any volcanic eruptions. The simulated surface area density, earlier ozone loss, and larger area of the ozone hole are consistent with the presence of volcanic sulfate layers observed at 16 km as well as previous studies.