The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 2.0.

The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 2.0.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00418-018-1722-5
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发表时间:
2018-11
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Schrader M
Schrader M
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Islinger M;Voelkl A;Fahimi HD;Schrader M

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过氧化物酶体是关键的代谢细胞器,其有助于细胞脂质代谢,例如脂肪酸的β-氧化和髓鞘脂质的合成,以及细胞氧化还原平衡。过氧化物酶体功能障碍与人类严重的代谢紊乱有关,但过氧化物酶体现在也被认为是保护性细胞器,在人类健康中具有更广泛的意义,并对大量全球重要的人类疾病(如神经变性、肥胖、癌症和年龄相关疾病)具有潜在影响。因此,近年来对过氧化物酶体及其生理功能的兴趣显著增加。在这篇综述中,我们打算强调最近的发现,进步和趋势过氧化物酶体研究,并提出了更新,以及两个前评论文章解决这个惊人的细胞器未解之谜的延续。本文综述了过氧化物酶体的生物学功能,它们的生物起源、形成、膜动力学和分裂,以及过氧化物酶体与细胞器之间的联系和合作。此外,新的过氧化物酶体蛋白和机器的过氧化物酶体膜进行了讨论。最后,我们讨论了最近的研究结果,过氧化物酶体在大脑中的作用,在神经系统疾病,并在癌症的发展。
Peroxisomes are key metabolic organelles, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism, e.g. the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal dysfunction has been linked to severe metabolic disorders in man, but peroxisomes are now also recognized as protective organelles with a wider significance in human health and potential impact on a large number of globally important human diseases such as neurodegeneration, obesity, cancer, and age-related disorders. Therefore, the interest in peroxisomes and their physiological functions has significantly increased in recent years. In this review, we intend to highlight recent discoveries, advancements and trends in peroxisome research, and present an update as well as a continuation of two former review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this astonishing organelle. We summarize novel findings on the biological functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, formation, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome–organelle contacts and cooperation. Furthermore, novel peroxisomal proteins and machineries at the peroxisomal membrane are discussed. Finally, we address recent findings on the role of peroxisomes in the brain, in neurological disorders, and in the development of cancer.
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