Will the Antarctic tardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus be able to withstand environmental stresses related to global climate change?
Will the Antarctic tardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus be able to withstand environmental stresses related to global climate change?
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.160622
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rebecchi, Lorena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Giovannini, Ilaria;Altiero, Tiziana;Rebecchi, Lorena
由于南极洲大陆的条件是高度选择性的，对生命极其不利，其生物群是不成熟的，但很适合在这一地区生活。全球气候变化有可能影响南极大陆的生物，因为气温上升和紫外线辐射。这项研究评估了持续的气候变化将如何影响南极物种，以及南极生物是否能够适应新的环境条件。缓步动物是南极小型底栖动物的主要陆地组成部分之一，因此，泛南极缓步动物Acutuncus anaparticus被用作模型来预测受气候变化威胁的南极小型底栖动物的命运。Acutuncus anaparticus个人容忍事件的干燥，温度升高和紫外线辐射。含水和脱水的动物都能耐受紫外线辐射的增加，尽管脱水的动物更有抵抗力。然而，含水和脱水动物的存活率受到温度和紫外线辐射的负面影响，含水动物比脱水动物更耐受。紫外辐射对连续世代的生活史性状有负面影响。安氏疟原虫，导致卵子重吸收和畸形事件增加。从长远来看，A。南极鱼可能面临种群减少甚至灭绝的危险。然而，由于全球气候的变化是渐进的，温度和紫外线增加的重叠在时间上是有限的，A。南极鱼和许多其他南极生物一样，可能有克服全球变暖压力的潜力，和/或适应新环境条件的时间和能力。
Because conditions in continental Antarctica are highly selective and extremely hostile to life, its biota is depauperate, but well adapted to live in this region. Global climate change has the potential to impact continental Antarctic organisms because of increasing temperatures and ultraviolet radiation. This research evaluates how ongoing climate changes will affect Antarctic species, and whether Antarctic organisms will be able to adapt to the new environmental conditions. Tardigrades represent one of the main terrestrial components of Antarctic meiofauna; therefore, the pan-Antarctic tardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus was used as model to predict the fate of Antarctic meiofauna threatened by climate change. Acutuncus antarcticus individuals tolerate events of desiccation, increased temperature and UV radiation. Both hydrated and desiccated animals tolerate increases in UV radiation, even though the desiccated animals are more resistant. Nevertheless, the survivorship of hydrated and desiccated animals is negatively affected by the combination of temperature and UV radiation, with the hydrated animals being more tolerant than desiccated animals. Finally, UV radiation has a negative impact on the life history traits of successive generations of A. antarcticus, causing an increase in egg reabsorption and teratological events. In the long run, A. antarcticus could be at risk of population reductions or even extinction. Nevertheless, because the changes in global climate will proceed gradually and an overlapping of temperature and UV increase could be limited in time, A. antarcticus, as well as many other Antarctic organisms, could have the potential to overcome global warming stresses, and/or the time and capability to adapt to the new environmental conditions.