Where are the drought tolerant crops? An assessment of more than two decades of plant biotechnology effort in crop improvement
Where are the drought tolerant crops? An assessment of more than two decades of plant biotechnology effort in crop improvement
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DOI：
10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.020
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Cutler, Sean R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nuccio, Michael L.;Paul, Matthew;Cutler, Sean R.
自现代生物技术出现以来，公共和私营企业一直在追求开发新型耐旱作物产品。经过20多年的研究和投入，只有少数这样的产品进入市场。这是由于一些技术和市场限制。技术挑战包括难以确定可处理的单基因性状发展策略，将性状从初始遗传背景转移到商业遗传背景的物流，以及农民田间条件与受控环境之间的脱节。市场限制包括进入世界各地市场的巨大困难和相关成本。植物水分管理生物学的进展，包括对水分亏缺的反应，揭示了提高作物对水分亏缺反应的新机会，新的基于基因组的工具有望迎来作物改良的下一个时代。由于生物技术希望在干旱条件下提高作物产量，环境和粮食安全方面的优势将影响公众的看法，并将辩论转向利益而不是风险。
Since the dawn of modern biotechnology public and private enterprise have pursued the development of a new breed of drought tolerant crop products. After more than 20 years of research and investment only a few such products have reached the market. This is due to several technical and market constraints. The technical challenges include the difficulty in defining tractable single-gene trait development strategies, the logistics of moving traits from initial to commercial genetic backgrounds, and the disconnect between conditions in farmer's fields and controlled environments. Market constraints include the significant difficulty, and associated costs, in obtaining access to markets around the world. Advances in the biology of plant water management, including response to water deficit reveal new opportunities to improve crop response to water deficit and new genome-based tools promise to usher in the next era of crop improvement. As biotechnology looks to improve crop productivity under drought conditions, the environmental and food security advantages will influence public perception and shift the debate toward benefits rather than risks.