Conquering the permafrost: urban infrastructure development in Norilsk, Russia
Conquering the permafrost: urban infrastructure development in Norilsk, Russia
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DOI：
10.1080/1088937x.2017.1329237
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
N. Shiklomanov;D. Streletskiy;V. Grebenets;Luis Suter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Shiklomanov;D. Streletskiy;V. Grebenets;Luis Suter
诺里尔斯克市代表了北极永久冻土地区史无前例的大规模建设。诺里尔斯克的城市扩张可以归因于工程实践的发展，这些实践保持了永久冻土的热稳定性。然而，城市景观与永久冻土之间复杂的相互作用导致了永久冻土的升温和退化。负低温过程在最初发展10-15年后开始显现，并随着时间的推移而加剧。建筑质量差、城市基础设施运营不当、社会经济转型和未预料到的气候变化进一步加剧了这些问题。永冻层的变暖和退化导致诺里尔斯克的建筑大面积变形。在本文中，我们讨论了永久冻土在诺里尔斯克城市发展中的作用，与永久冻土相关的特定人类和气候引起的岩土工程问题，以及维护城市基础设施的创新经济可行的解决方案。分析诺里尔斯克在永久冻土方面的经验可能有助于制定北极城市化的可持续做法。
ABSTRACT The city of Norilsk represents an unprecedented case of massive construction in the permafrost regions of the Arctic. Norilsk’s urban expansion can be attributed to the development of engineering practices that maintained the thermal stability of permafrost. However, complex interactions between the urban landscape and permafrost have resulted in permafrost warming and degradation. Negative cryogenic processes started to manifest themselves 10–15 years after the initial development and have intensified with time. Problems were further exacerbated by the poor quality of construction, improper operation of the city infrastructure, socio-economic transitions, and unanticipated climatic changes. The warming and degradation of permafrost have contributed to a widespread deformation of structures in Norilsk. In this paper, we discuss the role of permafrost in the urban development of Norilsk, specific human- and climate-induced geotechnical problems related to permafrost, and innovative economically viable solutions to maintain city infrastructure. The analysis of Norilsk’s experiences with permafrost can potentially contribute to the development of sustainable practices for Arctic urbanization.