Spatial dynamics of ecological public goods
Spatial dynamics of ecological public goods
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0812644106
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发表时间：
2009-05-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hauert, Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wakano, Joe Yuichiro;Nowak, Martin A.;Hauert, Christoph
从微生物胞外产物到全球气候变化问题的共同资源的生产、消费和开发指的是公共产品的相互作用。个人可以以一定的成本合作和维持共同的资源，或者有缺陷地开发资源，而不需要贡献。这就产生了利益冲突，这是社会困境的特征：个人选择有利于叛逃者，但对社区来说，最好是每个人都合作。传统的公共产品模式没有考虑到共同资源的好处使合作者能够保持较高的人口密度。这就导致了种群动态与相互作用群体规模之间的自然反馈关系，如“生态公共产品”所捕捉到的。在这里，我们证明了生态公共产品在“选择-扩散”系统中的空间演化动力学促进了基于不同类型格局形成过程的合作。在空间环境中，个人可以迁移(扩散)到新的地区。合作者的缓慢扩散促进了高效斑块的聚集(激活)，而快速扩散使叛逃者能够容易地定位和利用这些斑块(抑制)。这些对立的力量促进了合作者和叛逃者以静态或动态的模式共存，包括不断变化的构型的空间混乱。合作者和叛逃者的当地环境是由共同资源的生产或消费塑造的。因此，扩散诱导的空间自组织不仅加强了合作，而且为栖息地多样性的自发产生提供了简单的机制，这是生态系统生存能力的关键决定因素。
The production, consumption, and exploitation of common resources ranging from extracellular products in microorganisms to global issues of climate change refer to public goods interactions. Individuals can cooperate and sustain common resources at some cost or defect and exploit the resources without contributing. This generates a conflict of interest, which characterizes social dilemmas: Individual selection favors defectors, but for the community, it is best if everybody cooperates. Traditional models of public goods do not take into account that benefits of the common resource enable cooperators to maintain higher population densities. This leads to a natural feedback between population dynamics and interaction group sizes as captured by "ecological public goods.'' Here, we show that the spatial evolutionary dynamics of ecological public goods in "selection-diffusion'' systems promotes cooperation based on different types of pattern formation processes. In spatial settings, individuals can migrate ( diffuse) to populate new territories. Slow diffusion of cooperators fosters aggregation in highly productive patches ( activation), whereas fast diffusion enables defectors to readily locate and exploit these patches ( inhibition). These antagonistic forces promote coexistence of cooperators and defectors in static or dynamic patterns, including spatial chaos of ever-changing configurations. The local environment of cooperators and defectors is shaped by the production or consumption of common resources. Hence, diffusion-induced self-organization into spatial patterns not only enhances cooperation but also provides simple mechanisms for the spontaneous generation of habitat diversity, which denotes a crucial determinant of the viability of ecological systems.