Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Ship Traffic in the Canadian Arctic from 1990 to 2015
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Ship Traffic in the Canadian Arctic from 1990 to 2015
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DOI：
10.14430/arctic4698
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Johnston, Margaret E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawson, Jackie;Pizzolato, Larissa;Johnston, Margaret E.
加拿大北极地区海上交通的一致、纵向数据源有限，给研究人员、政策制定者和规划者带来了巨大的挑战。揭示历史和当前交通趋势的在时间和空间上准确的航运数据对于规划安全的航运走廊、发展基础设施、规划和管理保护区、了解变化的潜在环境和文化影响以及主权和安全考虑至关重要。这项研究利用最近开发的船舶交通地理空间数据库，首次综合概述了加拿大北极地区不同船型在1990年至2015年这26年间的空间和时间变异性。这项调查显示，总体而言，加拿大北极地区船只航行的距离几乎增加了两倍(从1990年的364 179公里增加到2015年的918 266公里)，该地区的船舶交通最大比例来自普通货船和政府破冰船(包括科考船)，而且到目前为止增长最快的船型是游艇(私人游艇)。过去四分之一个世纪，船舶活动的空间转移有利于拥有活跃矿场的地区，以及西北航道的南线。因此，包括贝克湖、切斯特菲尔德海湾、池塘海湾和剑桥湾在内的一些社区的船舶交通正在经历更大的增长。
The limited availability of consistent, longitudinal data sources for marine traffic in Arctic Canada has presented significant challenges for researchers, policy makers, and planners. Temporally and spatially accurate shipping data that reveal historical and current traffic trends are vital to plan safe shipping corridors, develop infrastructure, plan and manage protected areas, and understand the potential environmental and cultural impacts of change, as well as for sovereignty and safety considerations. This study uses a recently developed geospatial database of ship traffic to provide the first synthesized overview of the spatial and temporal variability of different vessel types in Arctic Canada during the 26-year period from 1990 to 2015. This examination shows that, overall, the distance traveled by ships in Arctic Canada nearly tripled (from 364 179 km in 1990 to 918 266 km in 2015), that the largest proportion of ship traffic in the region is from general cargo vessels and government icebreakers (including research ships), and that the fastest growing vessel type by far is pleasure craft (private yachts). Spatial shifts in vessel activity over the last quarter century have favoured areas with active mine sites, as well as the southern route of the Northwest Passage. As a result, some communities, including Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Pond Inlet, and Cambridge Bay, are experiencing greater increases in ship traffic.