Moving through imagined space: Mentally simulating locomotion during spatial description reading
Moving through imagined space: Mentally simulating locomotion during spatial description reading
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.01.003
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Taylor, Holly A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunye, Tad T.;Mahoney, Caroline R.;Taylor, Holly A.
读者通过文本在心理上模拟出与之相关的感性和运动性元素。声音是这些具体化模拟的一个感知特征，但很少受到关注。两个实验测试了运动声音(行走与奔跑)或节拍器脉冲(快与慢)是否会调节两种不同类型的空间描述的阅读速度和记忆，路线和调查。路线描述从第一人称、地面角度描述环境，而勘测描述使用空中总览角度。实验一表明，路线描述的读者根据运动和节拍器的声音改变了他们的阅读速度，当听到快节奏的声音比慢节奏的声音时，阅读描述的速度更快。然而，当阅读调查描述时，读者只在听节拍器脉冲时调整阅读速度。那些在路线描述和脚步声方面表现出最大阅读时间效应的人，也表现出从调查角度解决推理的困难。实验2表明，运动的声音会影响人们对行驶距离的感知，因此在听了跑步的声音之后，对环境尺度的估计会比听走路的声音更大。综上所述，这些结果表明，路线描述读者在心理上模拟了一段穿越所描述的世界的旅程，这些模拟和由此产生的空间记忆可以由听觉信息引导。爱思唯尔出版公司(Elsevier B.V.)
Readers mentally simulate the perceptual and motoric elements related through text. Sound is one perceptual characteristic of these embodied simulations that has received little attention. Two experiments tested whether movement sounds (walking vs. running) or metronome pulses (fast vs. slow) would modulate reading speed and memory for two different types of spatial descriptions, route and survey. Route descriptions describe environments from a first-person, ground-level perspective whereas survey descriptions use an aerial overview perspective. Experiment 1 demonstrated that route description readers altered their reading speed in correspondence with both movement and metronome sounds, progressing through descriptions faster when hearing fast-paced versus slow-paced sounds. When reading survey descriptions, however, readers only modulated their reading speed while listening to metronome pulses. Those who showed the greatest reading time effects with the route description and footstep sounds also showed difficulty solving inferences from the survey perspective. Experiment 2 demonstrated that movement sounds influenced perceptions of distance traveled such that estimates of environmental scale increased after listening to running versus walking sounds. Taken together these results demonstrate that route description readers mentally simulate a journey through a described world, and these simulations and the resulting spatial memories can be guided by auditory information. Published by Elsevier B.V.