Racial Biases in Officers' Decisions to Frisk Are Amplified for Black People Stopped Among Groups Leading to Similar Biases in Searches, Arrests, and Use of Force
Racial Biases in Officers' Decisions to Frisk Are Amplified for Black People Stopped Among Groups Leading to Similar Biases in Searches, Arrests, and Use of Force
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DOI：
10.1177/1948550619876638
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发表时间：
2019-11-12
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Payne, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooley, Erin;Hester, Neil;Payne, Keith
警察和黑人之间的暴力冲突引发了关于种族如何影响警察决策的争论。我们建议，当警察与成群结队的黑人平民互动时，警察与平民互动中的种族差异会被放大。为了测试这种可能性，我们分析了纽约市超过 200 万次警察拦截的拦截搜身数据。结果显示，黑人（与白人相比）更有可能被搜身、搜查、逮捕和使用武力。重要的是，这些种族差异对于集体被拦截（相对于单独拦截）的人来说更为明显：集体被拦截导致搜查的种族差异增加 1.7%，搜查增加 1%，逮捕增加 0.3%，使用武力增加 1.7%。此外，即使我们控制了有效治安的潜在代理：发现非法违禁品，这些差异仍然存在。我们的结论是，群体扩大了警务工作中的种族差异。
Violent encounters between police and Black people have spurred debates about how race affects officer decision-making. We propose that racial disparities in police-civilian interactions are amplified when police interact with Black civilians who are encountered in groups. To test this possibility, we analyzed New York City stop and frisk data for over 2 million police stops. Results revealed that Black (vs. White) people were more likely to be frisked, searched, arrested, and have force used against them. Critically, these racial disparities were more pronounced for people stopped in groups (vs. alone): Being stopped in a group led to a 1.7% increase in racial disparities for frisks, a 1% increase for searches, a 0.3% increase for arrests, and a 1.7% increase for use of force. Moreover, these disparities held even when we controlled for a potential proxy of effective policing: discovery of illegal contraband. We conclude that groups amplify racial disparities in policing.