THE SPATIO-COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED POPULATION
THE SPATIO-COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED POPULATION
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DOI：
10.1177/0013916590221005
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
RAINVILLE, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PASSINI, R;PROULX, G;RAINVILLE, C
本文报道了一项测试视障人群寻路的空间认知能力的实验。测试包括八个基本的寻路任务，每个任务代表一个特定的空间认知操作。任务在迷宫布局中执行，允许控制任务的难度水平并限制外来的感知因素，这些因素往往会干扰空间认知能力的测量。试验组分为先天全盲、外因全盲和视觉残差较弱三组；对照组由视力正常组和蒙眼视力正常组组成。每组18名受试者在年龄、教育程度和性别方面都是匹配的。视障组在所有8个任务中的表现结果导致拒绝任何空间认知缺陷理论。特别是先天全盲组的表现表明，在没有视觉和先前视觉经验的情况下，也可以获得空间认知能力。先天完全失明的人往往比先天完全失明的人和蒙眼的有视力的人表现得更好，但不如有视力的人和有视觉残留的人。一般来说，视障组往往比视力正常的对照组花更多的时间来完成任务。研究结果还表明，年龄和教育程度会影响成绩，但性别不会。
This article reports on an experiment undertaken to test the spatiocognitive competence of the visually impaired population in regard to wayfinding. The test consisted of eight basic wayfinding tasks, each representing a particular spatio-cognitive operation. The tasks were executed in a labyrinthian layout allowing for control of the difficulty level of the tasks and limiting extraneous perceptual factors, which tended to interfere with the measure of spatio-cognitive abilities. The experimental groups were composed of congenitally totally blind, adventitiously totally blind, and subjects with a weak visual residue; the control was established by a sighted and a sighted blindfolded group. The sample's 18 subjects per group were matched in terms of age, education, and sex. The performance results of the visually impaired groups in all eight tasks led to rejection of any spatio-cognitive deficiency theory. The performance of the congenitally totally blind group, in particular, shows that spatio-cognitive competence can be acquired without vision and without previous visual experience. The congenitally totally blind tend to perform better than the adventitiously totally blind and the sighted blindfolded groups, but not as well as the sighted and the group with a visual residue. The visually impaired groups, in general, tend to take more time to complete the tasks than the sighted control group. The results also show that age and education affect performance, but sex does not.