Attachment-style differences in the ability to suppress negative thoughts: Exploring the neural correlates
Attachment-style differences in the ability to suppress negative thoughts: Exploring the neural correlates
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.048
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Mikulincer, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillath, O;Bunge, SA;Mikulincer, M
从婴儿期开始，人们就可以从依恋不安全感的两个维度来表征：依恋焦虑(即害怕拒绝和抛弃)和依恋回避(与亲密的人保持距离，避免依赖；Bowlby，J.，1969/1982)。《依恋与遗失》：第一卷，附件，第二版，基础书籍，纽约)。情绪调节能力因依恋类型不同而不同，依恋焦虑的个体在受到社会拒绝或关系丧失的威胁时会变得高度情绪化，而回避型个体则倾向于与情绪保持距离或脱离情绪情境。在目前的研究中，20名女性参与了一项功能磁共振实验，在实验中，她们思考--并被要求停止思考--各种关系情景。当他们考虑负面因素(冲突、分手、伴侣死亡)时，他们的依恋焦虑水平与大脑情绪相关区域(例如，牵涉到悲伤的前颞极)的激活呈正相关，与与情绪调节相关的区域(眼眶额叶皮质)的激活呈负相关。这表明，焦虑的人比不焦虑的人对失落的想法反应更强烈，而大脑中通常用于下调负面情绪的区域招募不足。高回避的参与者在两个大脑区域(扣带下皮质和外侧前额叶皮质)上没有表现出与回避较少的参与者一样多的失活。这表明，与之前的行为实验结果一致，回避者的抑制不太完整或效率较低。这是首次发现成人依恋取向和情绪调节背后的一些神经过程。(C)2005 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Beginning in infancy, people can be characterized in terms of two dimensions of attachment insecurity: attachment anxiety (i.e., fear of rejection and abandonment) and attachment avoidance (distancing oneself from close others, shunning dependency; Bowlby, J., 1969/1982. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment, 2nd ed., Basic Books, New York). The capacity for emotion regulation varies with attachment style, such that attachment-anxious individuals become highly emotional when threatened with social rejection or relationship loss, whereas avoidant individuals tend to distance themselves or disengage from emotional situations. In the present study, 20 women participated in an fMRI experiment in which they thought about-and were asked to stop thinking about-various relationship scenarios. When they thought about negative ones (conflict, breakup, death of partner), their level of attachment anxiety was positively correlated with activation in emotion-related areas of the brain (e.g., the anterior temporal pole, implicated in sadness) and inversely correlated with activation in a region associated with emotion regulation (orbitofrontal cortex). This suggests that anxious people react more strongly than non-anxious people to thoughts of loss while under-recruiting brain regions normally used to down-regulate negative emotions. Participants high on avoidance failed to show as much deactivation as less avoidant participants in two brain regions (subcallosal cingulate cortex; lateral prefrontal cortex). This suggests that the avoidant peoples' suppression was less complete or less efficient, in line with results from previous behavioral experiments. These are among the first findings to identify some of the neural processes underlying adult attachment orientations and emotion regulation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.