Police officers' perceptions of false allegations of rape
Police officers' perceptions of false allegations of rape
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DOI：
10.1080/09589236.2016.1194260
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
McMillan, Lesley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McMillan, Lesley
认为女性在强奸问题上撒谎的想法是一个由来已久的强奸神话，几乎没有证据支持。此前的研究表明，尽管没有证据表明强奸案比其他犯罪案件更多地被虚报，但警察中的虚假指控水平很高。这影响到申诉人报案性侵犯的意愿，影响到司法系统内对申诉人的待遇，以及对强奸构成的更广泛的社会理解。为本论文提供信息的数据来自经济及社会研究理事会资助的一项研究，该研究侧重于强奸自然减员和机构对强奸的反应。对英国一支部队的现役警察进行了40次深入的定性采访，他们经常处理报告的强奸案件，并探索了围绕强奸的看法、做法和过程。研究发现，警察对虚假指控的估计差异很大，从5%到90%不等。本文将讨论警察如何判断强奸案投诉人的真实性。这将表明，虽然警察和警察部队在如何应对强奸方面取得了重大进展，但一些警察的思想中继续充斥着对妇女的性别刻板印象，认为妇女是欺骗性的、复仇的，最终是后悔的性行为。它将表明，警察区分他们认为是虚假的报告的类型，并按照从报复/恶意到错误/困惑的推定虚假指控的概念等级来运作，而将所谓的虚假指控归因于女性的责任相应减少。报告的结论是，这有助于加强一种既支持和重现性别不平等及其性暴力表现形式的文化，而且干预、培训以及体制和政策框架在解决这方面的性暴力问题上并不完全成功。
The idea that women lie about rape is a long standing rape myth with little or no supporting evidence. Previous research has demonstrated a belief in high levels of false allegations among police officers, despite no evidence to suggest rape is falsely reported more than other crimes. This has implications for complainants' willingness to report sexual violations, for the treatment of complainants within the justice system, and wider societal understandings about what constitutes rape. The data that informs this paper comes from an Economic and Social Research Council-funded study that focussed on rape attrition and the institutional response to rape. Forty in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with serving police officers in a UK force who regularly deal with reported cases of rape, and explored perceptions, practices and processes around rape. The research found police officers' estimate of false allegations varies widely from 5 to 90%. The paper will discuss how police officers make judgements about perceived veracity of complainants in rape cases. This will demonstrate that whilst significant progress has been made in how police officers and police forces respond to rape, gender stereotypes about women as deceitful, vengeful and ultimately regretful of sexual encounters, continue to pervade the thinking of some officers. It will show that police officers differentiate between types' of reports they consider to be false, and operate with a notional hierarchy' of presumed false allegations that ranges from vengeful/malicious to mistaken/confused, with a corresponding reducing level of culpability attributed to women for the supposedly false allegation. It concludes that this serves to reinforce a culture that both supports and reproduces gender inequality and its manifestation in the form of sexual violence, and that intervention, training and institutional and policy frameworks are not wholly successful in addressing sexual violence in this context.