Neither war nor peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): profiting and coping amid violence and disorder
Neither war nor peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): profiting and coping amid violence and disorder
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刚果民主共和国（DRC）既不是战争也不是和平：在暴力和混乱中获利和应对
DOI：
10.1080/03056244.2013.762165
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
John F. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miles Larmer;Ann A. Laudati;John F. Clark
《非洲政治经济评论》的这期特刊自2002年出版具有里程碑意义的两期以来已经过去了十年。在谈到第二次刚果战争当时似乎已经解决时，非洲和平区域办事处的编辑们强调了解决冲突与政治和经济问题、国家和国际背景以及“身份、族裔和国籍问题”之间的复杂和相互关联的问题的困难（Trefon等人，2002年）。十年过去了，刚果民主共和国既没有彻底的战争，也没有持久的和平。定期爆发战斗，例如“3·23”运动2012年11月占领戈马和北基伍其他地区，导致士兵和平民死亡，并使数十万人进一步流离失所。刚果民主共和国从最近冲突的最坏方面取得了有限的恢复，但在过去十年中，几乎没有任何根本问题得到解决，而且解决问题的复杂性也没有显著降低。在这种情况下，这期特刊对国家和国际政治问题的关注比前一期少--尽管西奥多·特雷丰的简报对这一领域提供了重要的见解。相反，它试图说明一些刚果人，特别是该国东部的刚果人如何找到生存、科普、有时甚至从他们所处的边缘社会政治环境中获利的战略。我们相信，从那些亲身经历的人的角度来看，这为“战后”刚果民主共和国的政治经济提供了一种令人信服的感觉。本期文章分析了刚果民主共和国15年多来持续不断的政治和社会暴力所引发的社会变革。这些冲突并不具有单一的逻辑，而是多种地方冲突以及外部干预的结果。与刚果战争有关的暴力在全国各地造成社会动荡，特别是在中部和东部地区。这些战争是在国家崩溃和社会普遍贫困的背景下发生的，这扩大了战争的影响。虽然许多现存的社会安排已经陷入了完全的混乱，但一系列新的社会制度和模式也出现了，这也许令人惊讶。《特刊》的文章探讨了刚果社会的主要机构和模式因战争而发生变化的一些方式，以及政治参与、经济活动和社会互动的新模式如何继续演变。这篇社论将为这些文章的历史和当代背景提供有限的介绍，解释每个人对我们理解刚果民主共和国的宝贵贡献。
This Special Issue of the Review of African Political Economy appears a decade since a landmark double issue of the journal was published in 2002. In addressing the then apparent resolution of the second Congo war, ROAPE’s editors stressed the difficulties of resolving the complex and interrelated problems linking the conflict to political and economic issues, the national and international context, and ‘issues of identity, ethnicity and nationality’ (Trefon et al. 2002). A decade on, the DRC is experiencing an absence of both outright war and a lasting peace. Periodic outbreaks of fighting, as with the M23 occupation of Goma and other parts of North Kivu in November 2012, have led to the deaths of soldiers and civilians and to the further displacement of hundreds of thousands of people. The DRC has made a limited recovery from the worst aspects of its recent conflicts, but few if any of the underlying problems have been resolved in the last decade and the complexity of doing so has not significantly diminished. In this context, this Special Issue focuses less than its predecessor on national and international political issues – although the Briefing by Theodore Trefon provides significant insight into this area. Instead, it seeks to show the ways in which some Congolese people, particularly in the east of the country, find strategies to survive, cope and in some cases even to profit from, the liminal socio-political environment in which they find themselves. This, we believe, provides a compelling sense of the political economy of ‘post-war’ DRC from the perspective of those who experience it first-hand. The articles in this issue analyse the social transformations occasioned by more than 15 years of continuing political and social violence in the DRC. These conflicts do not have a singular logic, but result from multiple local conflicts, as well as outside interventions. The violence associated with the Congo wars has caused social upheavals throughout the country, but particularly in central and eastern regions. These wars occurred in a context of a collapsed state and of a society plagued by widespread poverty, which amplified their impact. Although many existing social arrangements have been thrown into total disarray, a perhaps surprising range of new social institutions and patterns have also arisen. The articles in the Special Issue explore some of the ways in which major institutions and patterns of Congolese society have been transformed by the wars, and how new models of political engagement, economic activity and social interaction continue to evolve. This editorial will provide a limited introduction to the historical and contemporary context for these articles, explaining the valuable contribution each makes to our understanding of the DRC in relation to this context.