Stress, social support and health-related behavior: A study of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical exercise
Stress, social support and health-related behavior: A study of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical exercise
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-3999(96)00095-5
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Davies, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steptoe, A;Wardle, J;Davies, GJ
评估了大学生学业考试压力对健康行为的影响。据推测，考试的预期会导致吸烟和饮酒的增加以及体力活动的减少，并且这种影响对于社会支持较低的学生尤其显着。 180 名学生被分为考试压力组（51 名女性、64 名男性）和对照组（49 名女性、16 名男性），并在基线和考试后 2 周内或对照组的同等分数内进行评估。通过问卷和访谈评估感知压力、情绪健康和健康行为。考试压力组报告称，在基线和考试期间感知的压力和情绪困扰显着增加，但反应不受社会支持可用性的影响。对照显示健康行为没有系统性变化。在考试压力组中，缺乏社会支持的女性在考试期间吸烟率平均增加了 54.7%，但男性则保持稳定。社会支持高的学生在课程之间的饮酒量下降了 17.5%，而社会支持低的学生则平均增加了 18.5%。考试压力组的体力活动在基线和考试期间有所减少，但不受社会支持的影响。研究结果讨论了自然发生的突发性压力对健康行为的影响，以及社会支持在调节反应中的作用。
The effects of academic examination stress on health behavior was assessed in university students. It was hypothesized that the anticipation of examinations would lead to increases in cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, and to decreases in physical activity, and that effects would be particularly salient in students with low social supports. One hundred eighty students were divided into exam-stress (51 women, 64 men) and control (49 women, 16 men) groups, and were assessed at baseline and then within 2 weeks of exams, or an equivalent point for the control group. Perceived stress, emotional well-being and health behaviors were assessed by questionnaire and interview. The exam-stress group reported significant increases in perceived stress and emotional distress between baseline and exam sessions, but responses were not affected by social support availability. The controls showed no systematic changes in health behaviors. In the exam-stress group, smoking increased by an average of 54.7 % between sessions in women with few social supports, but remained stable in men. There was a decrease in alcohol consumption of 17.5% in students with high social support between sessions, while those with low social supports showed an average increase of 18.5%. Physical activity decreased between baseline and exam sessions in the exam-stress group, but was not affected by social support. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of naturally occurring episodic stress on health behaviors, and the role of social support in moderating responses.