POMC Neurons: From Birth to Death.

POMC Neurons: From Birth to Death.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034110
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发表时间:
2017-02-10
影响因子:
18.2
通讯作者:
Diano S
Diano S
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Toda C;Santoro A;Kim JD;Diano S

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下丘脑是一种在进化上保守的脑结构,它调节生物体的基本功能,如内稳态和生殖。若干下丘脑核团和神经回路一直是许多研究的焦点,以了解它们在调节这些基本功能中的作用。在下丘脑神经元群体中,弓状黑皮质素系统在控制内稳态功能方面起着重要作用。特别是弓状阿黑皮素原(POMC)神经元,由于其投射到下丘脑内外的多个脑区,如脑干和脊髓的自主神经区域,已被证明是代谢和生殖的关键调节因子。在此,我们回顾并讨论目前对POMC神经元从其发育和细胞内调节因子到其生理功能和病理失调的理解。
The hypothalamus is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that regulates an organism’s basic functions, such as homeostasis and reproduction. Several hypothalamic nuclei and neuronal circuits have been the focus of many studies to understand their role in regulating these basic functions. Within the hypothalamic neuronal populations, the arcuate melanocortin system plays a major role in controlling homeostatic functions. The arcuate pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in particular have been shown to be critical regulators of metabolism and reproduction because of their projections to several brain areas both in and outside of the hypothalamus, such as autonomic regions of the brain stem and spinal cord. Here, we review and discuss the current understanding of POMC neurons from their development and intracellular regulators to their physiological functions and pathological dysregulation.
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