Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting
Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.617
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Wheatley, TP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert, DT;Pinel, EC;Wheatley, TP
人们通常没有意识到那些改善他们负面情绪体验的认知机制系统（心理免疫系统）的运作，因此他们往往高估自己对负面事件的情绪反应的持续时间。这一倾向在6项研究中得到了证明，在这些研究中，参与者高估了他们对恋爱关系破裂、未能获得终身教职、选举失败、负面的人格反馈、一个孩子死亡的描述以及被潜在雇主拒绝等情况的情绪反应的持续时间。参与者无法区分他们的心理免疫系统可能会起作用和不太可能起作用的情况，并且错误地预测在这两种情况下情绪反应都会过度且同样持久。目前的实验表明，人们在进行情感预测时忽略了心理免疫系统。
People are generally unaware of the operation of the system of cognitive mechanisms that ameliorate their experience of negative affect (the psychological immune system), and thus they tend to overestimate the duration of their affective reactions to negative events. This tendency was demonstrated in 6 studies in which participants overestimated the duration of their affective reactions to the dissolution of a romantic relationship, the failure to achieve tenure,an electoral defeat, negative personality feedback, an account of a child's death, and rejection by a prospective employer. Participants failed to distinguish between situations in which their psychological immune systems would and would not be likely to operate and mistakenly predicted overly and equally enduring affective reactions in both instances. The present experiments suggest that people neglect the psychological immune system when making affective forecasts.