KARYOTYPE EVOLUTION IN AUSTRALIAN ANTS
KARYOTYPE EVOLUTION IN AUSTRALIAN ANTS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00327974
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
TAYLOR, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
IMAI, HT;CROZIER, RH;TAYLOR, RW
澳大利亚蚂蚁物种 [105]，包括重要的原始属 Amblyopone 和 Myrmecia 的成员，使用 C 显带空气干燥技术进行了核型分析。本次调查中观察到的单倍体数量从2n = 84（膜翅目中已知最高）到2n = 9。检测到七种类型的染色体重排，即：罗伯逊重排、中心周倒位、组成型异染色质突变、简单相互易位、伴有常染色质显着丢失的复杂易位、多余（B-）染色体变异和染色体缺失。大多数蚂蚁的核型进化可以用前三个来解释。没有发现证据表明多倍体或中心分离在蚂蚁中具有进化意义。 C 波段分析支持这样一种模型，其中将近心粒转化为其他类型的近心粒反演比具有反向效应的反演占主导地位。一个物种的形态是原始还是高级与其核型组织之间似乎没有什么相关性（如果有的话）。这些数据几乎没有支持蚂蚁的祖先染色体数量随着随后的减少而很高（融合假说），而是表明祖先的染色体数量要么非常低，随后的增加（裂变假说），要么与当前模式一致（模态假说）。对于这些蚂蚁数据，模态假设可以解释为裂变假设的子集。
Australian ant species [105], including members of the important primitive genera Amblyopone and Myrmecia, were karyotyped using a C-banding air-drying technique. The observed haploid numbers in this survey ranged from 2n = 84 (the highest known in the Hymenoptera) to 2n = 9. Seven types of chromosome rearrangement were detected, namely: Robertsonian rearrangements, pericentric inversions, saltatory changes in constitutive heterochromatin, simple reciprocal translocations, complex translocations accompanied by significant loss of euchromatin, supernumerary (B-) chromosome variation, and chromosome deletion. Most ant karyotype evolution is explicable in terms of the first 3 of these. No evidence was found for polyploidy or centric dissociation being of evolutionary significance in ants. The C-band analysis supports a model in which pericentric inversions converting acrocentrics to other types greatly predominate over those with reverse effects. There appears to be little, if any, correlation between whether a species is morphologically primitive or advanced and its karyotype organization. The data provide little support for the ancestral chromosome number in ants having been high with subsequent reduction (fusion hypothesis), but rather suggest that the ancestral number was either very low with subsequent increase (fission hypothesis) or coincident with the present mode (modal hypothesis). For these ant data, the modal hypothesis is interpretable as a subset of the fission hypothesis.