Exploring the Role of Chemical Reactions in the Selectivity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Exploring the Role of Chemical Reactions in the Selectivity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
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探索化学反应在酪氨酸激酶抑制剂选择性中的作用。

DOI:
10.1021/jacs.2c07307
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Warshel,Arieh
Warshel,Arieh
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Asadi,Mojgan;Xie,WenJun;Warshel,Arieh

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多种疾病与酪氨酸激酶相关,这些酶通过信号转导级联反应激活许多蛋白质。这些酪氨酸激酶的类似的ATP结合口袋使设计选择性共价抑制剂变得极其困难。本研究探讨了化学反应步骤对商业化抑制剂阿卡布替尼对Bruton酪氨酸激酶(BTK)和白介素2诱导的T细胞激酶(ITK)的选择性的贡献。两种酶的从头算和经验价键(EVB)模拟表明,最有利的反应途径涉及阿卡拉布替尼的2-丁酰亚胺反应基团的水辅助机理。根据我们计算的自由能分布和动力学模拟,BTK与acalabrutinib反应的势垒比ITK低得多。这种差异是由于活性部位的微环境造成的,这一点得到了对几种商业化抑制剂的特异性决定因素的序列分析的进一步支持。我们的研究涉及到一种新的方法,即直接模拟IC50和灭活效率keff,而不是使用标准公式。这一新策略在具有非常放热键合步骤的共价抑制剂的研究中尤其重要。总体而言,我们的结果证明了在设计酪氨酸激酶的选择性共价抑制剂时了解化学反应步骤的重要性。
A variety of diseases are associated with tyrosine kinase enzymes that activate many proteins via signal transduction cascades. The similar ATP-binding pockets of these tyrosine kinases make it extremely difficult to design selective covalent inhibitors. The present study explores the contribution of the chemical reaction steps to the selectivity of the commercialized inhibitor acalabrutinib over the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and the interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK). Ab initio and empirical valence bond (EVB) simulations of the two kinases indicate that the most favorable reaction path involves a water-assisted mechanism of the 2-butynamide reactive group of acalabrutinib. BTK reacts with acalabrutinib with a substantially lower barrier than ITK, according to our calculated free-energy profile and kinetic simulations. Such a difference is due to the microenvironment of the active site, as further supported by a sequence-based analysis of specificity determinants for several commercialized inhibitors. Our study involves a new approach of simulating directly the IC50 and inactivation efficiencykeff, instead of using the standard formulas. This new strategy is particularly important in studies of covalent inhibitors with a very exothermic bonding step. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the chemical reaction steps in designing selective covalent inhibitors for tyrosine kinases.
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