Dietary krill oil increases docosahexaenoic acid and reduces 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-acylethanolamine levels in the brain of obese Zucker rats
Dietary krill oil increases docosahexaenoic acid and reduces 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-acylethanolamine levels in the brain of obese Zucker rats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.11.015
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Banni, Sebastiano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Di Marzo, Vincenzo;Griinari, Mikko;Banni, Sebastiano
有证据表明，膳食长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA），特别是那些属于n-3家族，可能会影响大脑脂肪酸谱，从而影响啮齿动物内源性大麻素的生物合成。然而，使用的剂量通常相当高，与人类摄入量不可比较。最近，我们已经表明，相对低剂量的膳食n-3 LCPUFA（4周），以鱼油或磷虾油的形式，平衡EPA和DHA含量，并与不含EPA和DHA以及类似含量的油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的对照膳食相比，降低了内脏脂肪组织中内源性大麻素、大麻素酰胺（AEA）和2-花生四烯酰甘油（2-AG）的浓度，以及肥胖Zucker大鼠肝脏和心脏中的AEA。反过来，这与膜磷脂中花生四烯酸水平降低以及某些代谢综合征参数的改善有关。我们在这里研究了在Zucker大鼠中，在相同的条件下，鱼油和磷虾油是否也能够影响大脑中的LCPUFA和内源性大麻素谱。只有磷虾油能够显著增加脑磷脂中的DNA水平，而花生四烯酸没有变化。DHA的增加与大脑中2-AG水平的降低有关，而AEA及其同系物N-棕榈酰乙醇胺和N-油酰乙醇胺则没有变化。我们的结论是，尽管饮食n-3脂肪酸对内源性大麻素水平的强烈影响，以前在外周组织中观察到，在大脑中只有2-AG受饮食磷虾油，这表明后者对代谢综合征的有益影响主要是通过修改外周内源性大麻素。然而，通过改变2-AG水平，饮食磷虾油在大脑中的可能影响值得进一步研究。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Evidence suggests that dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), and particularly those belonging to the n-3 family, may influence the brain fatty acid profile and, thereby, the biosynthesis of endocannabinoids in rodents. However, the doses used are usually quite high and not comparable with human intake. Recently, we have shown that relatively low doses of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs (4 weeks), in the form of either fish or krill oil, balanced for EPA and DHA content, and against a control diet with no EPA and DHA and similar contents of oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, lower the concentrations of the endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in the visceral adipose tissue, and of AEA in the liver and heart, of obese Zucker rats. This, in turn, is associated with lower levels of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids and with amelioration of some metabolic syndrome parameters. We investigated here whether in Zucker rats, under the same conditions, fish and krill oil are also able to influence LCPUFA and endocannabinoid profiles in brain. Only krill oil was able to increase significantly DNA levels in brain phospholipids, with no changes in arachidonic acid. DHA increase was associated with lower levels of 2-AG in the brain, whereas AEA and its congeners, N-palmitoylethanolamine and N-oleoylethanolamine, were unchanged. We conclude that, despite the strong impact of dietary n-3 fatty acid on endocannabinoid levels previously observed in peripheral tissues, in the brain only 2-AG is affected by dietary krill oil, suggesting that the beneficial effect of the latter on the metabolic syndrome is mostly exerted by modifying peripheral endocannabinoids. Nevertheless, possible effects of dietary krill oil in the brain through modification of 2-AG levels deserve further investigation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.