The molecular underpinnings of fertility: Genetic approaches in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The molecular underpinnings of fertility: Genetic approaches in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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DOI：
10.1002/ggn2.10034
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Singson, Andrew W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mei, Xue;Singson, Andrew W
对影响生育力的突变的研究有一个两难的选择。育性突变体常常丢失，因为它们不能简单地繁殖和保持。这阻碍了对生育遗传学的理解。在小鼠中，发现精子和卵子之间的相互作用需要几种分子，JUNO和IZUMO 1分别是卵子和精子表面上唯一已知的受体对。在秀丽隐杆线虫中，精子或卵母细胞上共有12种蛋白质被鉴定为介导配子相互作用。这些基因中的大多数是通过从遗传筛选中分离的突变体鉴定的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了几个关键的筛选策略，导致在C。并提供了一个关于未来使用遗传方法的研究前景。最近，新技术的进步，如高通量测序和基于Crispr的基因组编辑工具，加速了生育基因的分子，细胞生物学和机制分析。我们回顾了这些有价值的工具如何推进我们对受精的分子基础的理解。我们将蠕虫和哺乳动物之间受精的分子机制进行了比较，并认为我们在C。线虫补充了人类和其他物种的生育力研究。
The study of mutations that impact fertility has a catch-22. Fertility mutants are often lost since they cannot simply be propagated and maintained. This has hindered progress in understanding the genetics of fertility. In mice, several molecules are found to be required for the interactions between the sperm and egg, with JUNO and IZUMO1 being the only known receptor pair on the egg and sperm surface, respectively. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a total of 12 proteins on the sperm or oocyte have been identified to mediate gamete interactions. Majority of these genes were identified through mutants isolated from genetic screens. In this review, we summarize the several key screening strategies that led to the identification of fertility mutants in C. elegans and provide a perspective about future research using genetic approaches. Recently, advancements in new technologies such as high-throughput sequencing and Crispr-based genome editing tools have accelerated the molecular, cell biological, and mechanistic analysis of fertility genes. We review how these valuable tools advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of fertilization. We draw parallels of the molecular mechanisms of fertilization between worms and mammals and argue that our work in C. elegans complements fertility research in humans and other species.