Lock in, the state and vaccine development: Lessons from the history of the polio vaccines
Lock in, the state and vaccine development: Lessons from the history of the polio vaccines
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DOI：
10.1016/j.respol.2004.12.001
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Blume, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blume, SS
在过去的二十年中，制药业对开发针对传染病的疫苗的兴趣已经增长。与此同时，还建立了各种伙伴关系和机制，以调和私营企业的利益与公共卫生系统的需要（特别是在发展中世界）。一般的假设是，由于缺乏资源和能力，公共部门在疫苗开发中几乎或根本不能发挥作用。借鉴“锁定”的概念和脊髓灰质炎疫苗的历史，本文提出了一套不同的考虑有关的公共部门的作用。正是由于公共部门的研发工作是出于技术和公共卫生方面的考虑，而不是商业方面的考虑，一种实际上被“拒之门外”的疫苗才得以改进，其生产方面的专门知识得以维持。这种疫苗在目前根除脊髓灰质炎的努力中发挥着至关重要的作用。有人建议，尽管随后在疫苗技术的变化，他们不同的激励结构需要承认在目前的讨论中的公共部门疫苗研究所的疫苗创新的潜在贡献。(c)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Over the past two decades pharmaceutical industry interest in the development of vaccines against infectious diseases has grown. At the same time various partnerships and mechanisms have been established in order to reconcile the interests of private industry with the needs of public health systems (especially in the developing world). The general assumption is that, lacking resources and competences, the public sector has little or no role to play in vaccine development. Drawing on the concept of 'lock in', and the history of vaccines against poliomyelitis, this paper advances a different set of considerations relevant to the role of the public sector. It was thanks to public sector R&D, driven by technical and public health considerations, not commercial ones, that a vaccine that had been virtually 'locked out' of the world markets was improved, and expertise in its production sustained. This vaccine now plays a crucial role in current attempts at eradicating polio. It is suggested that despite subsequent changes in vaccine technology, their different incentive structure requires acknowledgement in current discussion of the potential contribution of public sector vaccine institutes to vaccine innovation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.