Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands?
Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands?
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DOI：
10.3390/w11020265
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发表时间：
2019-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
L. Marazzi;E. Gaiser;M. Eppinga;J. Sah;L. Zhai;E. Castañeda‐Moya;C. Angelini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Marazzi;E. Gaiser;M. Eppinga;J. Sah;L. Zhai;E. Castañeda‐Moya;C. Angelini
基础物种为其他生物提供栖息地，并增强生态系统功能，如养分循环、碳储存和封存以及侵蚀控制。我们将重点放在淡水湿地，因为这些生态系统往往以基础物种为特征；富营养化和其他环境变化可能导致其中一些物种的丧失，从而严重破坏湿地生态系统。为了更好地了解湿地初级生产者基础物种如何在环境梯度上支持其他物种和生态系统功能，我们回顾了亚热带、北方和温带淡水湿地的约150项研究。我们研究了明显和有充分记录的物种(即锯齿草、底栖硅藻和蓝藻、泥炭藓和秃柏)的相对优势以及它们所起的基础作用如何与典型湿地的水文学、养分有效性以及火和盐分暴露相互作用。基于分析的证据，我们认为基础物种的概念应该更广泛地应用于包括在不同空间尺度上调节生态系统的生物，特别是对相关群落起关键支持作用并调节淡水湿地生态系统功能的微型底栖藻类。我们就如何优先开展进一步的研究工作，以便为保护基础物种及其支持的淡水湿地提供最佳信息，提出了建议。
Foundation species provide habitat to other organisms and enhance ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage and sequestration, and erosion control. We focus on freshwater wetlands because these ecosystems are often characterized by foundation species; eutrophication and other environmental changes may cause the loss of some of these species, thus severely damaging wetland ecosystems. To better understand how wetland primary producer foundation species support other species and ecosystem functions across environmental gradients, we reviewed ~150 studies in subtropical, boreal, and temperate freshwater wetlands. We look at how the relative dominance of conspicuous and well-documented species (i.e., sawgrass, benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria, Sphagnum mosses, and bald cypress) and the foundational roles they play interact with hydrology, nutrient availability, and exposure to fire and salinity in representative wetlands. Based on the evidence analyzed, we argue that the foundation species concept should be more broadly applied to include organisms that regulate ecosystems at different spatial scales, notably the microscopic benthic algae that critically support associated communities and mediate freshwater wetlands’ ecosystem functioning. We give recommendations on how further research efforts can be prioritized to best inform the conservation of foundation species and of the freshwater wetlands they support.