CHIMPANZEES USING STONES TO CRACK OPEN OIL PALM NUTS IN LIBERIA
CHIMPANZEES USING STONES TO CRACK OPEN OIL PALM NUTS IN LIBERIA
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02382181
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
MCGREW, WC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HANNAH, AC;MCGREW, WC
研究了用石器打开棕榈果(Elaeis Guinesis)的方法。这组黑猩猩是在利比里亚的一个自然岛屿环境中被圈养的16只黑猩猩。这种行为是由群体中的一只雌性开始的，然后在几秒钟到几周的时间内传播给其他12个人。坚果破裂很快蔓延到其他三个地点，既有自发的，也有人的鼓励的。螺母和工具都被携带了几百米的距离。破解现场的社交互动丰富多彩，从争夺工具到主动分享坚果。坚果夹子在选择“好的”坚果时表现出选择性，并根据坚果的质量改变他们的方法。技术上的个体差异出现了。这是第一次关于棕榈果破裂的详细行为数据，它们显示出许多与象牙海岸泰森林黑猩猩其他物种的坚果破裂的相似之处。这是西非有限地区使用锤子石的另一个例子：几内亚东南部、利比里亚东部和象牙海岸西部。这表明，这种习俗在文化上的传播有限。
The use of stone-tools to open palm nuts (Elaeis guineensis) was studied in a group of 16 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) released from captivity to a natural island setting in Liberia. The behaviour was started by one female of the group; it then spread to 12 others over periods varying from a few seconds to a few weeks. Nut-cracking soon spread to three other sites, both spontaneously and with human encouragement. Both nuts and tools were carried distances of several hundred meters. Social interaction at cracking sites was rich and varied, ranging from fights over possession of tools to unsolicited sharing of nuts. Nut-crackers showed selectivity in choosing "good" nuts and varied their methods according to the qualities of the nuts. Individual differences in technique emerged. These are the first detailed behavioural data on palm-nut-cracking, and they show many parallels with nut-cracking of other species by chimpanzees of the Tai Forest, Ivory Coast. This is another example of hammer-stone use from a limited region of West Africa: southeastern Guinea, eastern Liberia, and western Ivory Coast. This suggests limited cultural diffusion of the custom.