Restriction‐Modification Systems
Restriction‐Modification Systems
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限制修改系统
DOI：
10.1002/047122197x.ch7
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Xiaodong Cheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Blumenthal;Xiaodong Cheng
限制性修饰系统产生了生物技术的核心酶，但它们的自然作用似乎在生物圈的遗传生态学中具有根本的重要性。本章共有九节。第一部分提供了历史概述。第二种描述了微生物“生活方式”的相关方面，包括噬菌体的丰度。第三部分讨论了限制修饰系统所起作用的其他假设，包括自私、噬菌体防御和介导重组。第四个描述了令人惊讶的各种限制修改系统类型。第五节和第六节分别讨论了DNA甲基化和限制的过程。第七部分解决了限制修饰系统如何产生新的序列特异性的问题。第八部分涵盖了这些系统的调节，必须小心地完成，以避免杀死宿主细胞。最后，对这些系统研究中存在的一些突出问题进行了总结。
Restriction‐modification systems have yielded enzymes central to biotechnology, but their natural roles appear to have fundamental importance in the genetic ecology of the biosphere. This chapter has nine sections. The first provides a historical overview. The second describes relevant aspects of the microbial “lifestyle”, including bacteriophage abundance. The third section discusses alternative hypotheses for the roles played by restriction‐modification systems, including selfishness, phage defense, and mediating recombination. The fourth describes the surprisingly wide variety of restriction‐modification system types. The fifth and sixth sections discuss the processes of DNA methylation and restriction, respectively. The seventh section addresses the problem of how restriction‐modification systems generate new sequence specificities. The eighth section covers regulation of these systems, which must be done carefully to avoid killing the host cell. Finally, there is a summary of some outstanding problems in the study of these systems.