New insights into the psychology of individuals and large groups in a world of changing conflicts
New insights into the psychology of individuals and large groups in a world of changing conflicts
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DOI：
10.1177/01925121231177444
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发表时间：
2023-09-25
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Alderdice, John Lord
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alderdice, John Lord
武装冲突的性质发生了巨大变化。使用压倒性的力量不再带来胜利和成功。在什么条件下，所谓的较弱的冲突行为者“胜过”较强的行为者？本文认为，在整个人类历史上，那些最愿意参与和维持极端冲突的人并不是理性的行为者，而是“忠诚的行为者”，他们被信仰所驱使，捍卫或推进他们不可谈判的“神圣价值观”，无论是宗教的还是世俗的。将来自大群体心理学、神经科学和表观遗传学与政治学的见解纳入对话，本文展示了两个因素如何有助于解释武装冲突期间人类运作的明显非理性因素：首先，生物学基础有助于阐明理性行为者模型似乎低估了“对与错”对人们行为的影响的原因和方式;第二，大群体的复杂心理往往驱使人们采取可能不符合其个人利益的行动。
The character of armed conflict has changed dramatically. The use of overwhelming force no longer brings victory and success. Under what conditions do supposedly weaker conflict actors 'outpower' stronger actors? This article argues that, throughout human history, those most willing to engage in and sustain extreme conflict have not been rational actors but 'devoted actors' driven by faith in defending or advancing their non-negotiable 'sacred values', whether religious or secular. Bringing into dialogue insights from large group psychology, neuroscience, and epigenetics with political science, this article demonstrates how two factors can help explain apparently non-rational elements of human functioning during armed conflict: first, the biological substrate helps elucidate why and how rational actor models seem to underestimate the influence of 'right and wrong' in people's behaviour; second, the complex psychology of large groups often drives people to engage in action that may not be in their own individual interests.