A biosensor that uses ion-channel switches
A biosensor that uses ion-channel switches
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作者：
Cornell, BA;BraachMaksvytis, VLB;Pace, RJ
生物传感器是将生物识别机制与物理转导技术结合的联合收割机。它们提供了一种新型的廉价便携式仪器，允许在分散的位置快速进行复杂的分析测量（1）。然而，采用生物传感器用于除血糖测量之外的实际应用目前受到可用的转导方法的费用、不灵敏度和可扩展性的限制。在这里，我们描述了一种生物传感技术的发展，其中的人口的分子离子通道的电导切换的识别事件。该方法模拟生物感觉功能（2，3），可用于大多数类型的受体，包括抗体和核苷酸。该技术非常灵活，即使在其最简单的形式，它是敏感的皮摩尔浓度的蛋白质。传感器本质上是一个阻抗元件，其尺寸可以很容易地减小，成为微电子电路的一个组成部分。它可用于广泛的应用和复杂的介质，包括血液。这些用途可能包括细胞分型，检测大蛋白质，病毒，抗体，DNA，电解质，药物，杀虫剂和其他低分子量化合物。
Biosensors are molecular sensors that combine a biological recognition mechanism with a physical transduction technique. They provide a new class of inexpensive, portable instrument that permit sophisticated analytical measurements to be undertaken rapidly at decentralized locations(1). However, the adoption of biosensors for practical applications other than the measurement of blood glucose is currently limited by the expense, insensitivity and inflexibility of the available transduction methods. Here we describe the development of a biosensing technique in which the conductance of a population of molecular ion channels is switched by the recognition event. The approach mimics biological sensory functions(2,3) and can be used with most types of receptor, including antibodies and nucleotides. The technique is very flexible and even in its simplest form it is sensitive to picomolar concentrations of proteins. The sensor is essentially an impedance element whose dimensions can readily be reduced to become an integral component of a microelectronic circuit. It may be used in a wide range of applications and in complex media, including blood. These uses might include cell typing, the detection of large proteins, viruses, antibodies, DNA, electrolytes, drugs, pesticides and other low-molecular-weight compounds.