Images of smokers and willingness to smoke among African American pre-adolescents: An application of the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk behavior to smoking initiation
Images of smokers and willingness to smoke among African American pre-adolescents: An application of the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk behavior to smoking initiation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jpepsy/jsi026
复制
发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Cleveland, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerrard, M;Gibbons, FX;Cleveland, MJ
目的采用青少年健康危险行为的原型/意愿模型，探讨吸烟的相关因素。方法从742名非裔美国儿童（第一波平均年龄为10.5岁）及其主要照顾者中收集两波数据。测量包括原型模型概述的认知，以及父母和孩子吸烟的自我报告。结果结构方程模型显示了与原型模型所产生的期望一致的模式。背景、家庭和性格因素（包括邻里风险、父母吸烟和儿童学业取向）与两年后第2波开始吸烟之间的关系是由儿童的认知介导的。这些认知中最主要的是儿童对吸烟者的形象和儿童吸烟的意愿。结论吸烟认知介导环境、家庭环境、性格等重要远端因素对儿童吸烟发生的影响。也许更重要的是，通过评估原型模型提出的认知因素，可以预测10岁以下的非裔美国儿童吸烟的开始。
Objective This study used the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk behavior to examine factors related to onset of smoking. Methods Two waves of data were collected from a panel of 742 African American children (mean age = 10.5 at Wave 1) and their primary caregivers. Measures included cognitions outlined by the prototype model as well as self-reports of smoking by the parent and child. Results Structural equation modeling revealed a pattern consistent with expectations generated by the prototype model. The relation between contextual, familial, and dispositional factors-including neighborhood risk, parental smoking, and children's academic orientation-and the initiation of smoking at Wave 2, two years later, was mediated by the children's cognitions. Primary among these cognitions were the children's images of smokers and children's willingness to smoke. Conclusions Smoking cognitions mediate the impact of important distal factors (such as context, family environment, and disposition) on the onset of smoking in children. Perhaps more important, it is possible to predict onset of smoking in African American children as young as age 10 by assessing the cognitive factors suggested by the prototype model.