The Mediterranean Sea under siege: spatial overlap between marine biodiversity, cumulative threats and marine reserves
The Mediterranean Sea under siege: spatial overlap between marine biodiversity, cumulative threats and marine reserves
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00697.x
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Pauly, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coll, Marta;Piroddi, Chiara;Pauly, Daniel
目标 对于影响地中海海洋生物多样性的个体人为威胁存在大量知识，尽管我们对这些威胁如何累积和相互作用以影响海洋物种和生态系统知之甚少。在此背景下，我们的目的是确定海洋生物多样性与威胁之间相互作用更为明显的主要区域，并评估其与地中海现有海洋保护区的空间重叠。位置地中海。方法我们首先确定了海洋哺乳动物、海龟、海鸟、鱼类和商业或有据可查的无脊椎动物的高生物多样性区域。我们绘制了同时发生多种威胁的潜在高威胁区域。最后，我们通过观察高生物多样性和高累积威胁之间的空间重叠来量化生物多样性保护关注区域，并评估与保护区的重叠。结果我们的结果表明，地中海海洋生物多样性高的区域主要位于中部和北岸，东南部地区的价值较低。潜在高累积威胁区域在西部和东部盆地广泛分布，东南部地区较少。高生物多样性区域与无脊椎动物、鱼类和大型动物（包括大型鱼类、海洋哺乳动物、海龟和海鸟）威胁之间的相互作用集中在西班牙沿海地区、狮子湾、利古里亚海东北部、亚得里亚海、爱琴海、土耳其东南部以及尼罗河三角洲周边地区和非洲西北部海岸。海洋哺乳动物和海鸟物种的关注区域更大。 主要结论 这些区域可能是进一步研究、管理和保护活动的良好候选区域，因为现有海洋保护区（覆盖地中海的 5%）与我们预测的生物多样性保护关注区域之间最多只有 2% 的重叠。
Aim A large body of knowledge exists on individual anthropogenic threats that have an impact on marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea, although we know little about how these threats accumulate and interact to affect marine species and ecosystems. In this context, we aimed to identify the main areas where the interaction between marine biodiversity and threats is more pronounced and to assess their spatial overlap with current marine protected areas in the Mediterranean.Location Mediterranean Sea.Methods We first identified areas of high biodiversity of marine mammals, marine turtles, seabirds, fishes and commercial or well-documented invertebrates. We mapped potential areas of high threat where multiple threats are occurring simultaneously. Finally we quantified the areas of conservation concern for biodiversity by looking at the spatial overlap between high biodiversity and high cumulative threats, and we assessed the overlap with protected areas.Results Our results show that areas with high marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea are mainly located along the central and north shores, with lower values in the south-eastern regions. Areas of potential high cumulative threats are widespread in both the western and eastern basins, with fewer areas located in the south-eastern region. The interaction between areas of high biodiversity and threats for invertebrates, fishes and large animals in general (including large fishes, marine mammals, marine turtles and seabirds) is concentrated in the coastal areas of Spain, Gulf of Lions, north-eastern Ligurian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, south-eastern Turkey and regions surrounding the Nile Delta and north-west African coasts. Areas of concern are larger for marine mammal and seabird species.Main conclusions These areas may represent good candidates for further research, management and protection activities, since there is only a maximum 2% overlap between existing marine protected areas (which cover 5% of the Mediterranean Sea) and our predicted areas of conservation concern for biodiversity.