Behavioral persistence in captive bears : implications for reintroduction
Behavioral persistence in captive bears : implications for reintroduction
复制标题
圈养熊的行为持续性：对重新引入的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Mason
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Vickery;G. Mason
我们对单独饲养在泰国政府没收设施中的 18 只亚洲黑熊 (Ursus thibetanus) 和 11 只马来亚马来熊 (Helarctos malayanus) 进行了调查，研究了刻板行为与异常行为持续性之间的关系，这种特征可能对放归工作产生潜在的负面影响。使用圈养动物的重新引入或增强计划通常不如那些涉及野生饲养同种动物的计划成功。造成这种情况的原因之一可能在于圈养动物的行为缺陷。通过在百叶窗中观察熊来量化刻板表现的属性。所有观察结果的平均刻板频率在 0 到 51% 之间（平均值 = 18%，SE = ?3），并且刻板频率随着年龄的增长而增加。为了评估行为持久性，12 只熊接受了空间辨别任务的训练；一旦达到绩效标准，进一步的反应就不会得到奖励，并且会评估停止反应的能力。熊在没有奖励的情况下继续做出反应的试验数量与刻板印象频率呈正相关。这一发现表明，圈养可以对行为控制产生微妙但潜在有害的影响，即使在非定型动物中也可能表现出来。在野外，行为必须具有适应性和灵活性才能满足波动的条件，这种行为缺陷可能有助于解释重新引入的受试者的存活率降低的原因。
We investigated the relationship between stereotypic behavior and abnormal behavioral persistence, a trait that could have potentially negative implications for reintroduction efforts, for 18 Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and 11 Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) individually housed in a government confiscation facility in Thailand. Reintroduction or augmentation programs using captive-reared animals are typically less successful than those involving wild-reared conspecifics. One reason for this may lie in deficiencies in the behavior of captive animals. Attributes of stereotypy performance were quantified by observing bears from blinds. Mean stereotypy frequencies ranged between 0 and 51% (mean = 18%, SE = ?3), of all observations, and stereotypy frequency increased with age. To assess behavioral persistence, 12 bears were trained in a spatial discrimination task; once a performance criterion had been met, further responses were unrewarded and the ability to cease responding was assessed. The number of trials for which bears continued responding without reward was positively related to stereotypy frequency. This finding suggests that captivity can exert subtle but potentially detrimental influences on behavioral control that could possibly be manifest even in non-stereotypic animals. In the wild, where behavior must be adaptive and flexible to meet fluctuating conditions, such behavioral deficiencies could help account for reduced survivorship of reintroduced subjects.