Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process.
Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2021.626710
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
He G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Y;Yang J;Li Y;Tang R;Yuan D;Wang Y;Wang P;Deng S;Zeng S;Li H;Chen G;Zou X;Wang M;He G
由于缺乏全基因组数据，中国回族的祖先起源和基因组历史仍有待探索。一些证据表明，中亚人向东迁徙导致了现代回族的产生，这被称为人口扩散假说；其他证据支持文化扩散假说，该假说认为东亚人采用了穆斯林文化，形成了现代文化独特的人口。然而，所观察到的回族遗传结构在多大程度上是由人口流动或穆斯林文化同化所介导的，仍然存在很大争议。对 109 个中国西部个体（49 个四川回族和 60 个地理位置相近的南充汉族）的 700 K SNP 以及现有的古代和现代欧亚序列进行分析，使我们能够全面探索回族和邻近汉族人群的基因组构成和起源。 PCA、ADMIXTURE 和基于等位基因共享的 f 统计结果显示，四川回族与新石器时代至现代东亚北部人之间存在很强的基因组亲和力，这表明大量基因从东亚流入四川回族。 qpWave/qpAdm分析中的三向混合模型进一步揭示了从欧亚西部地区向四川回族的一小股基因流入，并通过基于qpGraph的系统发育模型中时间上不同的西方来源向四川回族的混合事件进一步直接证实，表明文化扩散模型在四川回族遗传形成中的关键作用。基于ALDER的混合年代估计表明，观测到的欧亚西部混合信号是在历史时期传入四川回族的，这与丝绸之路沿线东西方的广泛交流和历史上记载的回族迁徙历史是一致的。总之，尽管回族与其邻居之间存在显着的文化差异，但我们的基因组分析显示他们与现代和古代东亚人有很强的遗传亲缘关系。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设：四川回族起源于欧亚西部少数血统和东亚血统的混合体。
The ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argues that an eastward migration of Central Asians gave rise to modern Hui people, which is referred to as the demic diffusion hypothesis; other evidence favors the cultural diffusion hypothesis, which posits that East Asians adopted Muslim culture to form the modern culturally distinct populations. However, the extent to which the observed genetic structure of the Huis was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains highly contentious. Analyses of over 700 K SNPs in 109 western Chinese individuals (49 Sichuan Huis and 60 geographically close Nanchong Hans) together with the available ancient and modern Eurasian sequences allowed us to fully explore the genomic makeup and origin of Hui and neighboring Han populations. The results from PCA, ADMIXTURE, and allele-sharing-based f-statistics revealed a strong genomic affinity between Sichuan Huis and Neolithic-to-modern Northern East Asians, which suggested a massive gene influx from East Asians into the Sichuan Hui people. Three-way admixture models in the qpWave/qpAdm analyses further revealed a small stream of gene influx from western Eurasians into the Sichuan Hui people, which was further directly confirmed via the admixture event from the temporally distinct Western sources to Sichuan Hui people in the qpGraph-based phylogenetic model, suggesting the key role of the cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation of the Sichuan Huis. ALDER-based admixture date estimation showed that this observed western Eurasian admixture signal was introduced into the Sichuan Huis during the historic periods, which was concordant with the extensive western–eastern communication along the Silk Road and historically documented Huis' migration history. In summary, although significant cultural differentiation exists between Hui people and their neighbors, our genomic analysis showed their strong genetic affinity with modern and ancient Northern East Asians. Our results support the hypothesis that the Sichuan Huis arose from a mixture of minor western Eurasian ancestry and predominant East Asian ancestry.