The effects of alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use on the initiation, reinitiation and persistence of non-medical use of opioids, sedatives, and tranquilizers in adults
The effects of alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use on the initiation, reinitiation and persistence of non-medical use of opioids, sedatives, and tranquilizers in adults
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.029
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lin, Hsien-Chang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arterberry, Brooke J.;Horbal, Steven R.;Lin, Hsien-Chang
背景：非医疗处方药使用(NMPDU)由于患病率和后果的严重性而日益受到关注。流行病学研究已经确定酒精、大麻和香烟的使用与NMPDU和启蒙有关。然而，研究还没有研究NMPDU的分期与其他物质的关系，这些研究可以突出与NMPDU的高风险阶段相关的显著因素，如重新启动和持续。方法：本研究使用来自全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查第一波(2001-2002)和第二波(2004-2005)数据的成人样本。我们调查了非使用者、以前使用者和当前阿片类药物使用者，在第一波和第二波之间存在启动、重新启动和持续的风险，并对大麻、香烟和酒精的早发和使用频率进行了研究。结果：早期开始吸烟和酒精使用增加了阿片类药物开始使用的几率；早期开始使用大麻、香烟和酒精增加了镇静/镇静剂使用的开始和持续的几率，而早期起效的大麻增加了镇静/镇静剂的重新开始和持续的几率。大麻和香烟的使用频率预测了阿片类药物使用的所有三个阶段，镇静剂/镇静剂的开始/重新开始，以及大麻的使用频率单独预测了镇静/镇静剂的持久性。结论：这项研究提供了证据，通过酒精、香烟和大麻的早期发作和频率来区分那些经历过NMPDU的人，因为有一些特定的方面影响风险。因此，调整不同阶段的干预措施以减少NMPDU至关重要。(C)2015爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background: Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) has been a growing concern due to increased prevalence and severity of consequences. Epidemiological research has identified alcohol, cannabis, and cigarette use to be associated with NMPDU and initiation. However, studies have not examined stages of NMPDU in relation to other substances, which can highlight salient factors associated with high risk stages of NMPDU, such as reinitiation and persistence.Methods: This study used an adult sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2004-2005) data. We examined non-users, prior users, and current users of opioids and sedatives/tranquilizers at risk of initiation, reinitiation, and persistence between Wave 1 and Wave 2 in relation to early-onset and frequency of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use, controlling for sociodemographics.Results: Early-onset of cigarette and alcohol use increased the odds of opioid use initiation; early-onset of cannabis, cigarette, and alcohol use increased the odds of sedative/tranquilizer use initiation and opioid reinitiation, persistence, while early-onset cannabis increased the odds of sedative/tranquilizer reinitiation and persistence. Frequency of cannabis and cigarette use predicted all three stages of opioid use, initiation/reinitiation of sedatives/tranquilizers, and frequency of cannabis use alone predicted sedative/tranquilizer persistence.Conclusions: This study provided evidence that differentiating among those who have experienced initiation, reinitiation, or persistence of NMPDU via early-onset and frequency of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis is vital, as there are specific aspects that influence risk. Therefore, tailoring interventions at different stages to reduce NMPDU is crucial. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.