RETRANSLOCATION OF CARBON RESERVES FROM THE WOODY STORAGE TISSUES INTO THE FRUIT AS A RESPONSE TO DEFOLIATION STRESS DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD IN VITIS-VINIFERA L
RETRANSLOCATION OF CARBON RESERVES FROM THE WOODY STORAGE TISSUES INTO THE FRUIT AS A RESPONSE TO DEFOLIATION STRESS DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD IN VITIS-VINIFERA L
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00203595
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发表时间：
1994-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
KOBLET, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CANDOLFIVASCONCELOS, MC;CANDOLFI, MP;KOBLET, W
开发了一种可靠地标记树干和根部碳储量的技术，而不标记葡萄藤当年的生长情况，以研究碳从多年生储存组织转移到果实中以应对成熟期间的落叶胁迫。使用具有两个芽的特殊培养系统：将较低的芽（取食芽）修剪并落叶为一片单叶（（CO2）-C-14-取食叶），而另一个（主芽）顶部为12片叶子。将盆栽植物放入 30 摄氏度的水浴中，以提高根部温度，从而提高其水槽活性。此外，在主枝基部安装了冷障（2-4℃）以抑制顶C-14易位。使用这种方法，我们能够将标记的同化物直接定向到树干和根部，优先于当年的生长。在环境温度下具有根和芽的藤蔓上，喂食后 16 小时，在主枝中发现了 44% 的 C-14 活性，而在经过温度处理的藤蔓中仅发现了 2%。在果实成熟开始时，以及此后每隔三周直至收获，使用上述温度处理对盆栽葡萄藤施以 (CO2)-C-14。喂食后十六小时，通过除去除最上面的两片主叶之外的所有藤蔓，使每组的一半藤蔓脱叶。每次处理后三周，破坏性地收割葡萄树，并测定所有植物部分的干重和 C-14 掺入量。在非胁迫条件下，没有碳储备的重新转移来支持果实成熟。藤蔓通过改变自然易位模式并将下部储存的碳引导至果实来应对落叶胁迫。在转色期（葡萄浆果开始成熟）后的三周内，标记的碳储量的 12% 转移到落叶植物的果实中，而对照藤蔓簇中的这一比例为 1.6%。从树干和根部的再转移在成熟中期最高，此时果实中发现了 32% 的标记碳，而对照植物中的这一比例为 0.7%。这一时期的落叶也导致了干物质分配的重大变化：果实占植物总生物量的 31%，而对照藤蔓的测量结果为 21%。转色期和成熟期的落叶导致根部生长减少。收获前三周落叶不会影响干物质或 C-14 分配。
A technique for reliable labelling of the carbon reserves of the trunk and roots without labelling the current year's growth of grapevines was developed in order to study retranslocation of carbon from the perennial storage tissues into the fruit in response to defoliation stress during the ripening period. A special training system with two shoots was used: the lower one (feeding shoot) was cut back and defoliated to one single leaf ((CO2)-C-14-feeding leaf) while the other (main shoot) was topped to 12 leaves. The potted plants were placed in a water bath at 30 degrees C to increase root temperature and therefore their sink activity. Additionally, a cold barrier (2-4 degrees C) was installed at the base of the main shoot to inhibit acropetal C-14 translocation. Using this method, we were able to direct labelled assimilates to trunk and roots in preference to the current year's growth. On vines with root and shoot at ambient temperature, 44% of the C-14 activity was found in the main shoot 16 h after feeding whereas only 2% was found in the temperature-treated vines. At the onset of fruit ripening, and at three-week intervals thereafter until harvest, potted grapevines were fed with (CO2)-C-14 using the temperature treatment described above. Sixteen hours after feeding, half of the vines of each group were defoliated by removing all except the two uppermost main leaves. Three weeks after each treatment, vines were destructively harvested and the dry weight and C-14 incorporation determined for all plant parts. Under non-stressing conditions, there was no retranslocation of carbon reserves to support fruit maturation. Vines responded to defoliation stress by altering the natural translocation pattern and directing carbon stored in the lower parts to the fruit. In the three weeks following veraison (the inception of ripening in the grape berry), 12% of the labelled carbon reserves was translocated to the fruit of defoliated plants compared to 1.6% found in the clusters of control vines. Retranslocation from trunk and roots was highest during the middle of the ripening period, when 32% of the labelled carbon was found in the fruit compared to 0.7% in control plants. Defoliation during this period also caused major changes in dry-matter partitioning: the fruit represented 31% of total plant biomass compared to 21% measured in the control vines. Root growth was reduced by defoliation at veraison and during the ripening period. Defoliation three weeks before harvest did not affect dry matter or C-14 partitioning.