Beyond ‘civil religion’: On Pascalian Influence in Tocqueville
Beyond ‘civil religion’: On Pascalian Influence in Tocqueville
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超越“公民宗教”：论帕斯卡式对托克维尔的影响
DOI：
10.1080/01916599.2021.1975153
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Yuji TAKAYAMA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kunihiro Miyazaki;Taichi Murayama;Akira Matsui;Masaru Nishikawa;Takayuki Uchiba;Haewoon Kwak;Jisun An;Takayuki Nishiyama;中村督;西山隆行;Ichikawa Hiromi;Masaru Nishikawa;Yuji TAKAYAMA
亚历克西斯·德·托克维尔在其著作《美国的民主》（1840）第二卷中指出，宗教可以保障个人自由，反对多数人的暴政。然而，在这部著作的第一卷（1835）中，托克维尔将传统的“公民宗教”描述为一种与美国社会习俗或观点相同或包含的现象。因此，提出了以下问题：这样的宗教如何能够抑制潜在的暴政？如何将真正的宗教与普遍观点区分开来？因此，理解托克维尔的宗教方法仍然是一个主要问题。本文表明，在《美国的民主》第二卷中，托克维尔提出了一种不同类型的公民宗教，这种公民宗教具有超越公众舆论的权威，但同时又促进了思想自由。它还展示了托克维尔如何通过对美国基督教的观察，重点阅读布莱斯·帕斯卡关于宗教权威和人类理性的著作来解决公民宗教中权威与自由的困境，其中帕斯卡劝诫人类自愿承认理性的局限性。
In volume two of his workDemocracy in America(1840), Alexis de Tocqueville argued that religion could guarantee individual liberties against the tyranny of the majority. However, in volume one of this work (1835), Tocqueville presented a conventional ‘civil religion’ as a phenomenon that was identical to or subsumed by American social mores or opinions. Thus, the following questions are raised: How can such a religion represent a brake on potential tyranny? How can genuine religion be distinguished from common opinion? Consequently, understanding Tocqueville’s approach to religion remains a major problem. This article demonstrates that in the second volume ofDemocracy in America, Tocqueville suggested a differenttypeof civil religion, one that has a transcendent authority that distinguishes it from public opinion but that, nevertheless, facilitates intellectual liberty. It also shows how Tocqueville resolved the dilemmas of authority and liberty in the civil religion, by focusing on, with his observations of American Christianity, his reading of Blaise Pascal’s works regarding religious authority and human reason, in which Pascal exhorted human beings to willingly recognise the limits of reason.