Coping with Regional Inequality in Sweden: Structural Change, Migrations, and Policy, 1860–2000
Coping with Regional Inequality in Sweden: Structural Change, Migrations, and Policy, 1860–2000
复制标题
应对瑞典的地区不平等：结构变革、移民和政策，1860 年至 2000 年
DOI：
10.1111/1468-0289.12049
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Rosés
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kerstin Enflo;J. Rosés
在许多国家，区域收入不平等遵循倒u型曲线，在工业化和市场一体化期间扩大，之后下降。相比之下，瑞典的地区不平等从1860年到1980年有所下降，没有出现这种u型模式。因此，今天瑞典的地区收入不平等程度低于其他欧洲国家。我们注意到，区域收入差距的长期缩小背后的原动力是结构性变化，而新古典主义和技术力量所起的作用相对较小。然而，这一区域收入趋同的过程可以分为两个主要时期。在第一个时期（1860-1940年），市场力量不受限制的作用，特别是市场的扩大和国内和国际移民的高比率，导致了区域收入差距的缩小。在随后的时期（1940-2000），历届政府有意的干预似乎也对地区收入不平等的演变起到了重要作用。1940 - 1980年区域趋同强烈。在这一时期，政府促进了产业间生产率的趋同，并将劳动力从衰退地区和经济部门重新分配到繁荣地区和经济部门。在接下来的一段时期（1980-2000年），当地区收入分化时，政府对经济衰退地区的企业和人民进行了补贴。
In many countries, regional income inequality has followed an inverted U-shaped curve, growing during industrialisation and market integration and declining thereafter. By contrast, Sweden’s regional inequality dropped from 1860 to 1980 and did not show this U-shaped pattern. Accordingly, today’s regional income inequality in Sweden is lower than in other European countries. We note that the prime mover behind the long-run reduction in regional income differentials was structural change, whereas neo-classical and technological forces played a relatively less important role. However, this process of regional income convergence can be divided into two major periods. During the first period (1860-1940), the unrestricted action of market forces, particularly the expansion of markets and high rates of internal and international migrations, led to the compression of regional income differentials. In the subsequent period (1940-2000), the intended intervention of successive governments appears to have also been important for the evolution of regional income inequality. Regional convergence was intense from 1940 to 1980. In this period, governments aided the convergence in productivity among industries and the reallocation of the workforce from the declining to the thriving regions and economic sectors. During the next period (1980-2000), when regional incomes diverged, governments subsidised firms and people in the declining areas.
DOI：
10.7551/mitpress/6389.001.0001
发表时间：
1999-06
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Masahisa Fujita;P. Krugman;A. Venables
通讯作者：
Masahisa Fujita;P. Krugman;A. Venables