Thermal Diffusion in Petrology
Thermal Diffusion in Petrology
复制标题
岩石学中的热扩散
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-9019-0_12
复制
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Lesher;D. Walker
地质学中的大多数过程都是能量或物质流在某种程度上的结果。热传导和化学扩散是其中两种流动的例子，它们分别由温度和化学势的不平衡驱动。这些过程的地质现象产生于不同温度或化学势的物质并置的物理情况，其结果是一种通量消除了因果不平衡。在一般情况下，这些流可以耦合，使得例如温度梯度可以导致质量流以及热量流。Soret（1879）证明了液体中的这种效应，并以他的名字命名。在气体或固体中，这种现象一般称为热扩散。这些耦合是二阶现象，它们在地质情况下的识别一直存在争议。这是本章的目的是提供证据的规模和性质的影响，在岩浆系统中，提出一个微观和宏观的基本原理的效果，并讨论可能的应用岩石学。我们的结论是，热扩散是不是一个重要的代理商的岩石成因，但它的研究是非常翔实的物理化学的岩浆系统。
Most processes in geology are a consequence at some level of the flow of energy or mass. Heat conduction and chemical diffusion are examples of two of these sorts of flows which are driven by imbalances of temperature and chemical potential, respectively. Geological occurrences of these processes arise from physical situations where substances of different temperature or chemical potential are juxtaposed and a flux results to dissipate the causal imbalance. In the general case these flows may be coupled so that, for instance, a temperature gradient may result in a flow of mass as well as heat. This effect in liquids was demonstrated by Soret (1879) and bears his name. In gases or solids the phenomenon is given the general name thermal diffusion. These couplings are second-order phenomena and their recognition in geological situations has been controversial. It is the purpose of this chapter to present evidence on the magnitude and character of the effect in magmatic systems, to present a microscopic and macroscopic rationale for the effect, and to discuss the possible applications to petrology. We conclude that thermal diffusion is not an important agent of petrogenesis but that its study is very informative about the physical chemistry of magmatic systems.