Nicotine and Cotinine Levels With Electronic Cigarette: A Review.
Nicotine and Cotinine Levels With Electronic Cigarette: A Review.
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DOI：
10.1177/1091581815618935
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Simon, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marsot, A;Simon, N
背景：自2004年推出以来，电子烟在全球范围内受到欢迎。电子烟是作为尼古丁输送装置销售的。通常报告的使用原因包括戒烟，减少吸烟的冲动，或认为吸烟的低风险替代品。但是尼古丁的实际释放量是多少呢？目的：本综述总结了所有已发表的关于电子烟使用后尼古丁或可替宁水平的研究方法：从PubMed数据库进行文献检索，从1985年至2014年1月，使用以下术语：电子烟（S），电子烟（S），电子尼古丁输送系统，可替宁，尼古丁。根据我们的标准，如果文章不相关，则将其排除。结果：共纳入8篇文献。从文章中提取了以下信息：人群规模、参与者年龄、招募、入选和排除标准、补充液中尼古丁浓度、研究样本设计和观察浓度。根据研究设计，观察到血浆尼古丁Cmax介于0和5 ng/mL之间（无显著变化）或介于13.9和16.3 ng/mL之间（与香烟相似），Tmax介于70和75分钟之间。可替宁水平后“vaping”的电子烟是类似的烟草cigaretts.CONCLUSION：本综述总结了电子烟的研究，包含尼古丁或可替宁水平的信息。尼古丁的峰值浓度似乎取决于电子烟的使用和剂量水平。该峰值浓度的值类似于烟草香烟中发现的值。然而，与烟草香烟相比，对应于峰值浓度的时间被延迟。
BACKGROUND: Since their introduction in 2004, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity worldwide. E-cigarettes are marketed as nicotine delivery devices. Commonly reported reasons for use include to quit smoking, to reduce urge to smoke, or the perceived lower risk alternative to smoking. But what are the actual amounts of nicotine delivered?AIM: This review summarizes all the published studies concerning nicotine or cotinine levels following e-cigarette use.METHODS: A literature search was conducted from the PubMed database, from 1985 to January 2014, using the following terms: electronic cigarette(s), e-cigarette(s), electronic nicotine delivery system, cotinine, and nicotine. Articles were excluded if they were not pertinent according to our criteria. References of all relevant articles were also evaluated.RESULTS: Eight studies were included in this review. The following information was extracted from the articles: population size, age of participants, recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, concentration of nicotine in refills liquids, study sample design, and observed concentrations. Following design of studies, plasma nicotine Cmax was observed between 0 and 5 ng/mL (no significant changes) or between 13.9 and 16.3 ng/mL (similar to a tobacco cigarette) with a Tmax between 70 and 75 minutes. Cotinine levels after "vaping" an e-cigarette are similar to a tobacco cigarette.CONCLUSION: This review summarizes e-cigarette studies that contain information on nicotine or cotinine levels. The peak concentration of nicotine appears to be dependent on the use and dose level of e-cigarette cartridge. The value of this peak concentration is similar to the value found with a tobacco cigarette. However, the time corresponding to the peak concentration is delayed compared to a tobacco cigarette.