Widespread transmission of independent cancer lineages within multiple bivalve species.
Widespread transmission of independent cancer lineages within multiple bivalve species.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature18599
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发表时间：
2016-06-30
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Goff SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Metzger MJ;Villalba A;Carballal MJ;Iglesias D;Sherry J;Reinisch C;Muttray AF;Baldwin SA;Goff SP
大多数癌症源于体细胞基因组中的致癌变化，虽然细胞可能通过转移而迁移，但它们仍留在单个个体内。在哺乳动物(塔斯马尼亚魔鬼和狗)中观察到了两个不同的案例，癌细胞从一个个体自然传播到另一个个体，但这两个案例通常被认为是自然界中罕见的例外。在软壳文蛤(Mya Arenaria)中发现可传播癌症表明，这种现象可能更普遍。在这里，我们分析了贻贝(Mytilus Trossulus)、贝类(Cerastoderma Edule)和金色地毯贝壳(Politiapes Aureus)中的播散性肿瘤，发现这三个物种的肿瘤都可归因于独立的可传播癌症谱系。在贻贝和贝类中，癌症谱系来自它们各自的宿主物种，但出乎意料的是，金黄色葡萄球菌中的癌细胞都来自波纹夜蛾，这是生活在同一地理区域的不同物种。到目前为止，在同一地区的波纹弧菌中还没有发现播散性肿瘤病例。这些发现表明，癌细胞在海洋环境中的传播在多种物种中很常见，它曾多次起源，虽然大多数可传播的癌症被发现在起源的物种内传播，但癌细胞可能发生跨物种传播。
Most cancers arise from oncogenic changes in the genomes of somatic cells, and while the cells may migrate by metastasis, they remain within that single individual. Natural transmission of cancer cells from one individual to another has been observed in two distinctive cases in mammals (Tasmanian devils and dogs), but these are generally considered to be rare exceptions in nature. The discovery of transmissible cancer in soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) suggested that this phenomenon might be more widespread. Here we analyzed disseminated neoplasia in mussels (Mytilus trossulus), cockles (Cerastoderma edule), and golden carpet shell clams (Polititapes aureus) and found that neoplasias in all three species are attributable to independent transmissible cancer lineages. In mussels and cockles, the cancer lineages are derived from their respective host species, but unexpectedly, cancer cells in P. aureus are all derived from Venerupis corrugata, a different species living in the same geographic area. No cases of disseminated neoplasia have thus far been found in V. corrugata from the same region. These findings show that transmission of cancer cells in the marine environment is common in multiple species, that it has originated many times, and that while most transmissible cancers were found spreading within the species of origin, cross-species transmission of cancer cells can occur.