The Old Bailey Proceedings and the Representation of Crime and Criminal Justice in Eighteenth-Century London
The Old Bailey Proceedings and the Representation of Crime and Criminal Justice in Eighteenth-Century London
复制标题
老贝利诉讼程序以及十八世纪伦敦犯罪和刑事司法的代表
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
R. Shoemaker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Shoemaker
《老贝利诉讼》出版了在伦敦中央刑事法院举行的重罪审判，这是一个引人注目的出版现象。它们于1674年首次出版，很快成为一种常规期刊，在每一次法庭开庭后每年出版八次。尽管有大量的审判报告(18世纪约50,000份)，但会议记录，也被称为“会议文件”，构成了社会史上几个重要研究的基础，可以追溯到多萝西·乔治在18世纪的开创性的伦敦生活(1925年)。然而，它们最近在网上发表，不仅使它们更广泛地可用，而且还改变了历史学家查阅它们的方式，导致使用统计功能进行定量分析和通过关键字搜索对其语言进行定性检查的更多使用。最近，人们对犯罪和刑事司法史重新产生了兴趣--这是这一时期可获得的最重要资料来源--在此背景下，越来越多地使用《诉讼程序》引发了人们对其可靠性的质疑，进而对其最初出版的动机提出了质疑。历史学家通常认为，这些诉讼程序即使往往不完整，也能准确地描述法庭的诉讼程序。从这个来源，连同手稿司法记录，犯罪传记(包括普通人的描述)，争议性的小册子，如亨利·菲尔丁的《调查强盗后期增加的原因》(1751年)，当然还有威廉·霍加斯的讽刺版画，他们构建了一幅18世纪伦敦被周期性犯罪浪潮淹没的城市，以及被迫进行广泛改革以应对这一挑战的警察和司法系统。
The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, published accounts of felony trials held at London’s central criminal court, were a remarkable publishing phenomenon. First published in 1674, they quickly became a regular periodical, with editions published eight times a year following each session of the court. Despite the huge number of trial reports (some 50,000 in the eighteenth century), the Proceedings, also known as the “Sessions Papers”, have formed the basis of several important studies in social history, dating back to Dorothy George’s seminal London Life in the Eighteenth Century (1925). Their recent publication online, however, has not only made them more widely available, but also changed the way historians consult them, leading to greater use of both quantitative analysis, using the statistics function, and qualitative examination of their language, through keyword searching. In the context of recent renewed interest in the history of crime and criminal justice, for which this is the most important source available in this period, the growing use of the Proceedings raises questions about their reliability, and, by extension, the motivations for their original publication. Historians generally consider the Proceedings to present accurate, if often incomplete, accounts of courtroom proceedings. From this source, along with manuscript judicial records, criminal biographies (including the Ordinary’s Accounts), polemical pamphlets such as Henry Fielding’s Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers (1751), and of course the satirical prints of William Hogarth, they have constructed a picture of eighteenth-century London as a city overwhelmed by periodic crime waves and of a policing and judicial system which was forced into wide-ranging reforms in order to meet this challenge.