Identification and Characterization of Diaporthe ambigua, D-australafricana, D-novem, and D-rudis Causing a Postharvest Fruit Rot in Kiwifruit
Identification and Characterization of Diaporthe ambigua, D-australafricana, D-novem, and D-rudis Causing a Postharvest Fruit Rot in Kiwifruit
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis-10-16-1535-re
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Zoffoli, Juan P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diaz, Gonzalo A.;Latorre, Bernardo A.;Zoffoli, Juan P.
间孔菌属是重要的植物病原体，在广泛的宿主中引起木材溃疡病、枯萎病、枯梢病和果实腐烂病。在2013年和2014年季节进行的调查期间，在智利观察到海沃德猕猴桃（美味猕猴桃）的采后腐烂。为了确定与这种水果腐烂病相关的Diaporthe的种类，从位于San弗朗西斯科德Mostazal和库里科（智利中部）之间的七个猕猴桃包装厂收集有症状的水果。24株间孔菌（Diaporthe spp.）根据形态学和培养性状，以及内转录间隔区（ITS 1 -5. 8 S-ITS 2）、β-微管蛋白（β-tubulin）和翻译延伸因子1-α（translation elongation factor 1-alpha）3个基因座的核苷酸序列分析，鉴定出了3个致病菌。基因.间孔菌属。鉴定出的有二叉囊壳Diaporthe ambigua，D. australafricana、黑腹叶蝉D. novem和D.鲁迪斯多位点系统发育分析表明，智利菌株被分组在单独的分支与其相应的前型物种。所有种类的Diaporthe在0 ℃下正常和控制气氛（2%O-2和5%CO2）存储30天后，受伤的猕猴桃上的致病性，它们对苯菌灵，吡唑醚菌酯，戊唑醇杀菌剂敏感。D.根据接种海沃德和金桃猕猴桃的病斑长度测定，ambigua菌株的致病力最强。这些发现证实了D. ambigua，拟水螅D. australafricana、黑腹叶蝉D. novem和D. rudis作为智利冷藏期间猕猴桃腐烂病的病原体。D.猕猴桃腐烂病的病原菌是一种常见的间壁孢霉属真菌，本研究未发现该菌。
Diaporthe spp. are important plant pathogens causing wood cankers, blight, dieback, and fruit rot in a wide range of hosts. During surveys conducted during the 2013 and 2014 seasons, a postharvest rot in Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was observed in Chile. In order to identify the species of Diaporthe associated with this fruit rot, symptomatic fruit were collected from seven kiwifruit packinghouses located between San Francisco de Mostazal and Curico (central Chile). Twenty-four isolates of Diaporthe spp. were identified from infected fruit based on morphological and cultural characters and analyses of nucleotides sequences of three loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequences of the beta-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha. genes. The Diaporthe spp. identified were Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis. Multi locus phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chilean isolates were grouped in separate clades with their correspondent ex-types species. All species of Diaporthe were pathogenic on wounded kiwifruit after 30 days at 0 degrees C under normal and controlled-atmosphere (2% O-2 and 5% CO2) storage and they were sensitive to benomyl, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole fungicides. D. ambigua isolates were the most virulent based on the lesion length measured in inoculated Hayward and Jintao kiwifruit. These findings confirm D. ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis as the causal agents of kiwifruit rot during cold storage in Chile. The specie D. actinidiae, a common of Diaporthe sp. found associated with kiwifruit rot, was not identified in the present study.