Building Empathy Toward Community and Reducing Bias in a Chicago Police Sample: A Case for Perspective Taking and Reappraisal within Virtual Reality
Building Empathy Toward Community and Reducing Bias in a Chicago Police Sample: A Case for Perspective Taking and Reappraisal within Virtual Reality
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发表时间：
2021
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通讯作者：
Sydney C. Timmer-Murillo;Sydney C. Timmer-Murillo
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作者：
Sydney C. Timmer-Murillo;Sydney C. Timmer-Murillo
建立对社区的共鸣和减少偏见芝加哥警察样本：采取观点和重新评估虚拟现实的案例悉尼C.蒂默-穆里洛，M.S.马奎特大学，2021年在社会层面上，人们对警察对黑人个人的暴行感到严重关切。许多研究认为内隐的种族偏见是一个潜在的原因，然而，群体间情绪理论(IET)表明，群体外情绪和威胁感知也可能起到作用。在以本科生为主的样本中，使用观点采择和反刻板印象信息的干预措施通常对内隐偏见有积极影响。目前的研究使用了观点采择和反刻板印象的方法，并结合IET来确定情绪调节如何促进警察样本中同理心和内隐偏见的变化。我们考察了一种新开发的VR工具的效果，该工具显示了360度警察与社区互动的场景，促进了人们的视角选择，并提供了反刻板印象的信息。为了评估视角选择如何影响同理心，参与者被展示了两次相同的场景(在参与者之间平衡)，从两个不同的角度拍摄，提供了“内在”视角和“外部”视角。为了传达反刻板印象的信息，参与者被展示了关于场景中社区角色和警察角色的“背景故事”。参与者(N=58)从芝加哥警察局招募，在VR工具前后完成了一系列问卷和简短的内隐联想任务。结果表明，VR工具有效地促进了同理心，减少了内隐种族偏见。在观看社区背景故事(即反刻板印象信息)后，与从两个角度和警察背景故事观看情景相比，同理心显著更高。此外，重新评估是移情作用的重要预测因素。其他分析表明，同理心与未来参与社区的意愿呈正相关。结果表明，虽然任务整体上减少了内隐的种族偏见，但反刻板印象信息在建立共鸣方面最有效。事实上，重新评估能力和更深入地了解一个人的外部群体成员，似乎对于在威胁环境中建立同理心以及未来与社区接触的愿望至关重要。这可以作为一种机制，修复警察和社区之间的情感分歧。
BUILDING EMPATHY TOWARD COMMUNITY AND REDUCING BIAS IN A CHICAGO POLICE SAMPLE: A CASE FOR PERSPECTIVE TAKING AND REAPPRAISAL WITHIN VIRTUAL REALITY Sydney C. Timmer-Murillo, M.S. Marquette University, 2021 At the societal level, there is significant concern regarding police brutality towards Black individuals. Much of the research proposes implicit racial bias as a potential cause, yet, Intergroup Emotion Theory (IET) suggests that outgroup emotion and threat perception could also play a role. Interventions using perspective taking and counterstereotypical information often have a positive effect on implicit bias in predominantly undergraduate samples. The current study used perspective taking and counterstereotypical methods, incorporated with IET, to determine the ways emotion regulation promoted changes in empathy and implicit bias within a police sample. We examined the effects of a newly developed VR tool that showed a 360° scenario of a police-community interaction which promoted perspective taking and provided counterstereotypical information. To assess how perspective taking influences empathy, participants were shown the same scenario twice (counterbalanced across participants), filmed from two distinct angles providing an “Inner” perspective and “Outer” perspective. To convey counterstereotypical information, participants were shown “backstories” about community characters and police characters in the scenario. Participants, (N = 58) recruited from the Chicago Police Department, completed a series of questionnaires and the Brief Implicit Association Task before and after the VR tool. Results showed that the VR tool was effective at promoting empathy and reducing implicit racial bias. Empathy was significantly higher after viewing the community backstories (i.e. counterstereotypical information) compared to when viewing the scenario from both perspectives and the police backstories. Further, reappraisal was a significant predictor of empathy. Additional analyses demonstrated that empathy was positively related tointention to engage with community in the future. Results suggest that while the task as a whole reduces implicit racial bias, counterstereotypical information is most effective at empathy building. Indeed, reappraisal abilities and gaining a deeper understanding about one’s outgroup members appears to be critical for building empathy when in a threatening context and desire to engage with the community in the future. This could serve as a mechanism for repairing emotional divides between police and community.