Melatonin as a hypnotic: pro.
Melatonin as a hypnotic: pro.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.smrv.2004.04.003
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发表时间：
2005-02
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
I. Zhdanova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Zhdanova
在日间活动的物种中，夜间褪黑激素的分泌与习惯性睡眠时间一致，而夜行动物则在产生褪黑激素的同时处于活动高峰。对人类、昼夜非人类灵长类动物、鸟类和鱼类的研究表明，褪黑激素治疗可以促进白天入睡或改善夜间睡眠。从行为上来说，褪黑激素的促进睡眠作用与常见催眠药明显不同，并且与睡眠结构的改变无关。褪黑激素对睡眠的影响是通过特定的褪黑激素受体和生理剂量的激素介导的，那些诱导循环水平低于 200pg/ml 的激素足以促进昼夜物种的睡眠。衰老会降低对褪黑激素治疗的反应性，这与褪黑激素受体的功能效力降低相关。由于褪黑素受体存在于不同的组织和器官中，并参与多种生理功能，建议使用生理相关剂量（0.1-0.3 mg，口服）和给药时间（睡前），以避免褪黑素治疗已知和未知的副作用。
In diurnal species, nocturnal melatonin secretion coincides with the habitual hours of sleep, in contrast to nocturnal animals which are at the peak of their activity while producing melatonin. Studies in humans, diurnal non-human primates, birds and fish show that melatonin treatment can facilitate sleep initiation during the daytime or improve altered overnight sleep. Behaviorally, the sleep-promoting effects of melatonin are distinctly different from those of common hypnotics and are not associated with alterations in sleep architecture. The effects of melatonin on sleep are mediated via specific melatonin receptors and physiologic doses of the hormone, those inducing circulating levels under 200pg/ml, are sufficient to promote sleep in diurnal species. Aging reduces responsiveness to melatonin treatment and this correlates with reduced functional potency of melatonin receptors. Since melatonin receptors are present in different tissues and organs and involved in multiple physiologic functions, using physiologically relevant doses (0.1–0.3 mg, orally) and time of administration (at bedtime) is recommended, in order to avoid known and unknown side effects of melatonin treatment.