Costly third-party interventions: The role of incidental anger and attention focus in punishment of the perpetrator and compensation of the victim
Costly third-party interventions: The role of incidental anger and attention focus in punishment of the perpetrator and compensation of the victim
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2016.04.004
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lopez-Perez, Belen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gummerum, Michaela;Van Dillen, Lotte F.;Lopez-Perez, Belen
成本高昂的第三方干预一直被视为道德行为的标志，因为它们不太可能出于自身利益的动机。这项研究通过操纵偶然情绪和注意力焦点，调查了两种昂贵的第三方干预背后的认知和情绪过程。在研究 1 中，我们研究了偶然的愤怒对第三方惩罚决定的影响。研究 2 讨论了偶然的愤怒对第三方赔偿决策的影响。在这两项研究中，参与者都被诱导产生愤怒或中性情绪，然后必须等待或分散注意力才能进行第三方干预。在研究 1 中，愤怒的参与者对高度不平等分布的惩罚明显多于中性情绪条件下的参与者。在研究 2 中，愤怒的参与者获得的高度不公平分配的补偿明显低于中性情绪的参与者。在这两项研究中，偶然愤怒的影响仅在等待时才显着，而在分心情况下则不显着。研究 3 再次关注第三方补偿决策。参与者被诱导产生以自我为中心的愤怒或以他人为中心的愤怒情绪，并通过实验操纵注意力焦点（等待，分心）。那些处于以他人为中心的愤怒状态的人比处于以自我为中心的愤怒状态的参与者补偿明显更多。这些结果表明，（以自我为中心的）偶然的愤怒会导致敌对反应。只有当涉及到对受苦受难的他人的关注时，偶然的愤怒才会与更高的第三方补偿相关。为了让偶然的情绪影响随后的决策，需要注意力资源。 (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Costly third-party interventions have been regarded as hallmarks of moral behavior, because they are unlikely to be motivated by self-interest. This research investigated the cognitive and emotional processes underlying two types of costly third-party interventions by manipulating incidental emotions and attention focus. In Study 1, we investigated the effect of incidental anger on third-party punishment decisions. Study 2 addressed the effect of incidental anger on third-party compensation decisions. In both studies, participants were induced to either an angry or neutral emotion and then had to wait or were distracted before engaging in third-party interventions. In Study 1, angry participants punished highly unequal distributions significantly more than those in the neutral emotion condition. In Study 2, angry participants compensated highly unfair distributions significantly less than those in a neutral emotion. In both studies, the effect of incidental anger was only significant in the wait, not the distraction condition. Study 3 again focused on third-party compensation decisions. Participants were induced to either a self-focused anger or an other-focused anger emotion, and attention focus (wait, distraction) was manipulated experimentally. Those in the other-focused anger condition compensated significantly more than participants in the self-focused anger condition. These results indicate that (self-focused) incidental anger led to antagonistic responses. Incidental anger was only associated with higher third-party compensation when it included a focus on a suffering other. For incidental emotions to bias subsequent decisions requires attentional resources. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.