Lineage and land reforms in Malawi: Do matrilineal and patrilineal landholding systems represent a problem for land reforms in Malawi?
Lineage and land reforms in Malawi: Do matrilineal and patrilineal landholding systems represent a problem for land reforms in Malawi?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.05.003
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Wiig, Henrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berge, Erling;Kambewa, Daimon;Wiig, Henrik
根据政府统计数据和对马拉维各地村民的采访，本文认为，传统的母系和父系土地保有制度削弱了一些家庭成员对土地保有权的保障，并阻碍了建立不分性别的土地继承制度。来自2007年全国农业和畜牧业普查和2008年人口和住房普查的数据被用来描述当地社区的婚姻制度和土地持有模式。婚姻制度与母系或父系文化的传统土地占有模式相适应。两种土地持有方式之间的差异对旨在统一土地所有权和土地权力下放规则的土地改革构成了挑战。以挪威父系土地持有制度的弹性为例，我们认为直接取消世系成员的优先权利是很困难的。我们建议，现有的土地权应通过公平的程序得到正式承认和限制，而不是建立一个统一的国家制度。一个设计良好的土地占有制度的目标应该是使不同的习惯占有制度向现代大规模社会的要求过渡更加容易。(C) 2014年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。这是一篇基于CC BY许可（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/）的开放获取文章。
Based on government statistics and interviews with villagers across Malawi this article argues that customary matrilineal and patrilineal land tenure systems serve to weaken security of land tenure for some family members as well as obstructing the creation of gender-neutral inheritance of lands. Data from the National Census of Agriculture and Livestock 2007and the 2008 Population and Housing Census are used to characterize marriage systems and landholding patterns of local communities. Marriage systems correspond to customary land-tenure patterns of matrilineal or patrilineal cultures. The differences between the two ways of land holding represent a challenge for land reforms aimed at unifying rules for land tenure and land devolution. Drawing on an analogy of the resilience of the patrilineal land holding system in Norway, we argue that it will be difficult to remove the preferential rights of lineage members directly. We recommend that, instead of creating a unified national system, existing land rights should be formally recognized and circumscribed by fair procedures. A well-designed landholding system should aim to ease the transitions of diverse customary tenure systems towards the requirements of a modern large-scale society. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).