On analogy as the motivation for grammaticalization
On analogy as the motivation for grammaticalization
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论类比作为语法化的动机
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Fischer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Fischer
在“语法化”一词下聚集起来的现象数量相当大，而且在某些方面相当多样化。对于不同类型的语法化，人们提出了类似的动机因素，类似的原则，倾向和层次。Lehmann（1982[1995]，1985）的一些参数长期以来一直被认为是语法化过程的特征，但现在却受到了来自各个方面的攻击，甚至语法化现象本身作为语言变化的一种独立机制也受到了质疑。本文讨论了一些与语法化中使用的“工具”以及目前所区分的各种语法化类型有关的问题。有人认为，如果我们从类比的、基于用法的语法的角度来看待语法化和词汇化过程，我们就能更好地把握这一过程。在这种语法中，我们区分了发生在标记层面上的过程和发生在类型层面上的过程。这一模式涉及到在语法化过程的每一个阶段都更加关注语言符号的形式和共时语法系统。
The number of phenomena which are gathered together under the term ‘grammaticalization’ is quite large and in some ways quite diverse. For the different types of grammaticalization similar motivating factors have been suggested, similar principles, clines and hierarchies. Some of Lehmann’s (1982[1995], 1985) parameters, which have long been considered to characterize processes of grammaticalization, are now under attack from various quarters, and indeed the phenomenon of grammaticalization itself has been questioned as an independent mechanism in language change. This paper addresses a number of problems connected with the ‘apparatus’ used in grammaticalization and with the various types of grammaticalization currently distinguished. It will be argued that we get a better grip on what happens in processes of grammaticalization and lexicalization if the process is viewed in terms of an analogical, usage-based grammar, in which a distinction is made between processes taking place on a token-level and those taking place on a type-level. The model involves taking more notice of the form of linguistic signs and of the synchronic grammar system at each stage of the grammaticalization process.