In search of a human self-regulation system.
In search of a human self-regulation system.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014243
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发表时间：
2015-07-08
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
Heatherton TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelley WM;Wagner DD;Heatherton TF
自我调节的能力使人们能够控制自己的思想、行为、情绪和欲望。尽管有这种令人印象深刻的能力，但自我监管的失败是常见的，并导致了从肥胖到毒瘾的众多社会问题。这类失败经常发生在暴露在极具诱惑力的暗示之后，在消极情绪期间，或在自我调节资源耗尽之后。在这里，我们回顾了关于自我调节及其失败的现有神经科学证据。自律的核心是在冲动的强度和个人抑制所需行为的能力之间取得关键的平衡。尽管神经成像和患者研究提供了关于冲动和欲望的奖励方面的一致证据，但控制能力背后的神经机制一直没有达成共识，不同的研究涉及不同的执行控制区域。我们概述了自我调节控制系统的必要属性，并建议使用静息状态功能连通性分析可能有助于理解人们如何调节他们的行为，以及为什么他们有时尝试失败。
The capacity for self-regulation allows people to control their thoughts, behaviors, emotions, and desires. In spite of this impressive ability, failures of self-regulation are common and contribute to numerous societal problems, from obesity to drug addiction. Such failures frequently occur following exposure to highly tempting cues, during negative moods, or after self-regulatory resources have been depleted. Here we review the available neuroscientific evidence regarding self-regulation and its failures. At its core, self-regulation involves a critical balance between the strength of an impulse and an individual’s ability to inhibit the desired behavior. Although neuroimaging and patient studies provide consistent evidence regarding the reward aspects of impulses and desires, the neural mechanisms that underlie the capacity for control have eluded consensus, with various executive control regions implicated in different studies. We outline the necessary properties for a self-regulation control system and suggest that the use of resting-state functional connectivity analyses may be useful for understanding how people regulate their behavior and why they sometimes fail in their attempts.