Do exonerees face employment discrimination similar to actual offenders?
Do exonerees face employment discrimination similar to actual offenders?
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无罪释放者是否面临与实际犯罪者类似的就业歧视？
DOI：
10.1111/lcrp.12159
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Abby L. Mello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeff Kukucka;Heather K. Applegarth;Abby L. Mello
鉴于罪犯面临就业歧视(Ahmed&Lang，2017，IZA劳工政策杂志，6)和被错误定罪的人与罪犯相似的刻板印象(Clow&Leach，2015，《法律和犯罪心理学》，20,147)，我们检验了一种假设，即无罪的人--尽管他们是无辜的--面临与实际罪犯相似的就业歧视。方法经验丰富的招聘专业人员(N=82)评估了一份与申请者的犯罪历史相同的求职申请(即罪犯、无罪开释者或没有)。结果正如预测的那样，专业人士对被赦免者和罪犯都形成了更多的负面印象--但出乎意料的是，他们对被赦免者和罪犯的刻板印象有所不同。与对照申请人相比，专业人士希望接触更多的免罪人推荐人，他们给免罪人的报酬更低。结论离奇的是，免罪人的情况可能比犯罪者更糟糕，因为免罪人也面临就业歧视，但获得的资源更少。随着被赦免者人数的持续增长，研究可以而且应该以有助于被赦免者重新融入社会的方式为政策和立法提供信息。
PurposeGiven that criminal offenders face employment discrimination (Ahmed & Lang, 2017,IZA Journal of Labor Policy,6) and wrongly convicted individuals are stereotyped similarly to offenders (Clow & Leach, 2015,Legal and Criminological Psychology,20, 147), we tested the hypothesis that exonerees – despite their innocence – face employment discrimination comparable to actual offenders.MethodsExperienced hiring professionals (N=82) evaluated a job application that was identical apart from the applicant's criminal history (i.e., offender, exoneree, or none).ResultsAs predicted, professionals formed more negative impressions of both the exoneree and offender – but unexpectedly, they stereotyped exonerees and offenders somewhat differently. Compared to the control applicant, professionals desired to contact more of the exoneree's references, and they offered the exoneree a lower wage.ConclusionsParadoxically, exonerees may be worse off than offenders to the extent that exonerees also face employment discrimination but have access to fewer resources. As the exoneree population continues to grow, research can and should inform policies and legislation in ways that will facilitate exonerees’ reintegration.