The presence of histamine and acetylcholine in the spleen of the ox and the horse.
The presence of histamine and acetylcholine in the spleen of the ox and the horse.
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1929.sp002598
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发表时间：
1929-10-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Dudley, HW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dale, HH;Dudley, HW
其活性类似于胆碱的活性，从其中分离出胆碱碱作为氯金酸盐，其中17 × 5g.（相当于4-78 g。的胆碱）。脾实质。馏分B具有类似于组胺的活性，这占提取物总活性的很大一部分;但是，由于活性成分在银分级的适当阶段没有沉淀，柏林得出结论，该物质本身不是组胺，并且该碱确实不存在于提取物中。从”激素”-他分离出两个类似的部分，但没有隔离基地在任何情况下。Stern和Rothlin（6）比较了一系列器官提取物对离体动脉条和其他形式的普通肌肉的作用，发现脾脏提取物具有特别强大的兴奋作用。从脾的水煎液中，通过蒸发和酒精溶液纯化，他们获得了具有相对较高活性的制剂。其有效成分溶于乙醇，不溶于乙醚，不被单宁沉淀，而被磷钨酸完全沉淀。这种制剂的生理作用强烈地使人联想到组胺产生的作用;但是，由于他们发现用碱加热会破坏这种活性，而且热氯仿不能从用碳酸钠蒸发得到的残余物中完全提取出来，斯特恩和罗斯林认为这种原理不是组胺本身，并暂时将其命名为”lienine“。在其他出版物中，许多与“激素”有关，可以发现脾脏提取物的活性是由于胆碱或组胺或类似的活性成分。根据我们自己的经验，我们知道，在组织基质的复杂混合物中出现的一种成分，其化学行为可能与纯组胺的化学行为有明显的差异，这种差异与柏林、斯特恩和罗斯林所描述的差异一样大，但它本身就是组胺。似乎有必要重新研究脾提取物中组胺样成分的化学特性问题。对该物体进行的研究导致了意想不到的结果。
an activity resembling that of choline, and the latter base was isolated from it as the chloroaurate, of which 17* 5 g.(corresponding to 4-78 g. of choline) were obtained from 23 kg. of spleen substance. Fraction B had an activity resembling that of histamine, and this accounted for a large part of the total activity of the extract; but, since the active principle was not precipitated at the appropriate stage of the silver fractionation, Berlin concluded that the substance was not histamine itself, and that this base was, indeed, not present in the extract. From" hormonal"-he separated two similar fractions, but without isolating the base in either case. Stern and Rothlin (6), who had compared the actions of a series of organ extracts on isolated arterial strips and other forms of plain muscle, found that the extract of spleen had a specially powerful stimulant action. From a watery decoction of spleen, purified by evaporation and solution in alcohol, they obtained a preparation with a relatively high activity. The active principle was soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether, not precipitated by tannin, but completely by phosphotungstic acid. The physiological effects of the preparation were strongly reminiscent of those produced by histamine; but, since they found that the activity was destroyed by heating with alkali, and that hot chloroform would not extract it completely from the residue obtained by evaporation with sodium carbonate, Stern and Rothlin were ofopinion that the principle was not histamine itself, and provisionally named it" lienine." In other publications, many concerned with" hormonal," the sug-gestion can be found that the activity of spleen extracts is due to choline, or histamine, or similar active principles. We knew from our own experience, previously recorded (1), that a principle, occurring ina complex mixture of tissue bases, may show apparent differences in its chemical behaviour from that of pure hista-mine, as great as those described by Berlin and by Stern and Rothlin, and yet be histamine itself. It seemed desirable to examine anew the question of the chemical identity of the histamine-like constituent of spleen extracts. The investigation undertaken with this object has led to additional results of unexpected interest.