Babesiosis
Babesiosis
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DOI：
10.1128/cmr.13.3.451
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发表时间：
2000-07
影响因子：
36.8
通讯作者：
M. Homer;I. Aguilar-Delfín;S. Telford;P. Krause;D. Persing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Homer;I. Aguilar-Delfín;S. Telford;P. Krause;D. Persing
巴贝斯虫病是由巴贝斯虫属嗜血寄生虫引起的一种新出现的蜱传人畜共患疾病。巴贝斯寄生虫（以及与巴贝斯氏菌密切相关的巴贝斯氏菌属）是世界上最普遍和最广泛的血液寄生虫之一，仅次于锥虫，因此在世界范围内具有相当大的经济、医学和兽医影响。这种寄生虫是红细胞内的，由于在受感染的红细胞内发现梨形的寄生虫，通常被称为梨形疟原虫。弓形虫由粘蜱传播，能够感染多种脊椎动物宿主，这些宿主能够维持传播周期。涉及除人类以外的动物宿主的研究对我们对疾病过程的理解做出了重大贡献，包括寄生虫可能的致病机制和宿主的免疫反应。迄今为止，有几种巴贝斯虫可以感染人类，微巴贝斯虫是最普遍的。巴贝斯虫感染通常遵循区域分布；在美国的病例主要是由微孢子虫引起的，而在欧洲的病例通常是由巴贝斯虫引起的。该病的表现范围很广，从无声感染到暴发性疟疾样疾病，可导致严重溶血，偶尔死亡。最近的进展导致了几种诊断测试的发展，这些测试提高了检测的敏感性，从而促进了诊断，加快了对病人的适当管理，并产生了更准确的流行病学描述。
SUMMARY Babesiosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted, zoonotic disease caused by hematotropic parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesial parasites (and those of the closely related genus Theileria) are some of the most ubiquitous and widespread blood parasites in the world, second only to the trypanosomes, and consequently have considerable worldwide economic, medical, and veterinary impact. The parasites are intraerythrocytic and are commonly called piroplasms due to the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells. The piroplasms are transmitted by ixodid ticks and are capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrate hosts which are competent in maintaining the transmission cycle. Studies involving animal hosts other than humans have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease process, including possible pathogenic mechanisms of the parasite and immunological responses of the host. To date, there are several species of Babesia that can infect humans, Babesia microti being the most prevalent. Infections with Babesia species generally follow regional distributions; cases in the United States are caused primarily by B. microti, whereas cases in Europe are usually caused by Babesia divergens. The spectrum of disease manifestation is broad, ranging from a silent infection to a fulminant, malaria-like disease, resulting in severe hemolysis and occasionally in death. Recent advances have resulted in the development of several diagnostic tests which have increased the level of sensitivity in detection, thereby facilitating diagnosis, expediting appropriate patient management, and resulting in a more accurate epidemiological description.