Early implicit-explicit discrepancies in self-esteem as correlates of childhood depressive symptoms
Early implicit-explicit discrepancies in self-esteem as correlates of childhood depressive symptoms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104962
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Meltzoff, Andrew N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cvencek, Dario;Greenwald, Anthony G.;Meltzoff, Andrew N.
这项纵向研究检查了可能与儿童抑郁和焦虑的出现有关的早期社会认知标志物。在5岁时，137名儿童完成了内隐自尊测量。在9岁时，这些孩子完成了内隐自尊，外显自尊，抑郁和焦虑的测量。出现了两个新的发现。首先，5岁时的内隐自尊高于9岁时的外显自尊（内隐>外显差异）与9岁时的抑郁症状有关，但与焦虑症状无关。第二，这种跨年龄的内隐>外显差异与抑郁症状的相关性比在9岁时同时测量的相同的内隐>外显差异更强。总体模式表明，儿童抑郁症状的出现与内隐和外显自尊之间的差异有关，而不仅仅是内隐自尊水平较低或外显自尊水平较低。随着时间的推移，这种方向和差异特别具有信息性，因此早期内隐表征和后来明确报告自我价值之间的差异反映了与抑郁症状风险升高相关的发展途径。总而言之，这项研究说明了结合发展，儿童临床和社会心理学工作的好处，以提供一个更完整的发展中的孩子。我们认为，结合内隐和外显措施的自尊跨越发展的时间点，可以用来检查早期标记的抑郁症的儿童在年轻的年龄比通常可能与明确的措施。(C)2020爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
This longitudinal study examined early social-cognitive markers that might be associated with the emergence of childhood depression and anxiety. At 5 years of age, 137 children completed an implicit self-esteem measure. At 9 years of age, the same children completed measures of implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. Two novel findings emerged. First, higher implicit self-esteem at age 5 than explicit self-esteem at age 9 (implicit > explicit discrepancy) was associated with depressive symptoms at age 9, but not with symptoms of anxiety. Second, this cross-age implicit > explicit discrepancy was associated with depressive symptoms more strongly than was the same implicit > explicit discrepancy measured concurrently at age 9. The overall pattern suggests that the appearance of depressive symptoms in children is associated with discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem and not just lower levels of implicit self-esteem or lower levels of explicit self-esteem taken alone. It is the direction and discrepancy across time that is particularly informative, such that discrepancies between early implicit representations and later explicit reports of self-worth reflect a developmental pathway associated with elevated risk for depressive symptoms. Taken altogether, this study illustrates the benefits of combining work in developmental, child-clinical, and social psychology to provide a more complete view of the developing child. We believe that combining implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem across developmental time points can be used to examine early markers of depression in children at younger ages than typically possible with explicit measures alone. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.