Intimate-Partner and Client-Initiated Violence among Female Street-Based Sex Workers in China: Does a Support Network Help?
Intimate-Partner and Client-Initiated Violence among Female Street-Based Sex Workers in China: Does a Support Network Help?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139161
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Huang ZJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hail-Jares K;Chang RC;Choi S;Zheng H;He N;Huang ZJ
在全球范围内，女性街头性工作者容易遭受基于性别的暴力。先前的研究表明，拥有同伴社交网络可以降低性工作者受害的风险。然而，社会网络如何影响女性街头性工作者的暴力行为的机制仍然很不清楚。我们的研究是基于一项纸笔调查，在中国上海的218名女性街头性工作者中提取的数据。我们专注于自我报告的客户发起的暴力和亲密伴侣暴力的情感，身体和性形式。社交网络的特点是经济和心理社会支持的规模和来源（如家庭、朋友和同龄人）。采用多变量logistic回归分析方法，在调整年龄、文化程度和年限后，估计不同社会网络结构的暴力暴露的调整优势比（AOR）。在我们的研究中，街头女性性工作者主要是农村到城市的流动人口（95.7%），平均年龄为41岁。24.3%和62.8%的性工作者分别报告过亲密伴侣暴力和顾客发起的暴力。缺乏经济支持，定义为只有一个人或没有在她的同伴支持系统中提供经济帮助，与自我报告的亲密伴侣暴力显着相关（AOR：2.5; 95% CI：1.1-5.9）。相比之下，报告客户发起的暴力行为的受访者更有可能报告缺乏来自家庭（AOR：2.2，95% CI：1.0-4.6）和同龄人（AOR：5.1，95% CI：2.2-11）的心理支持。本研究首次系统分析了社会网络与街头女性性工作者性别暴力之间的关系。我们报告说，这两种类型的基于性别的暴力及其与家庭、朋友和同伴支持网络的复杂联系的发生率很高。以减少暴力侵害妇女行为为目标的政策可应用这些研究结果，在打击性别暴力的干预措施中利用社会网络。
Globally, female street-based sex workers are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Previous research has shown having a peer social network can reduce sex workers’ risks of victimization. However, mechanisms of how social network impacts violence among female street-based sex workers are still far from clear. Our study was based on data abstracted from a paper-and-pencil survey administered among 218 female street-based sex workers in Shanghai, China. We focused on self-reported client-initiated violence and intimate-partner violence in emotional, physical, and sexual forms. Social networks were characterized by the size and sources of financial and psychosocial support (e.g. family, friends, and peers). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of each type of violence exposure by social network structure after the adjustment of age, education, and years in Shanghai. The street-based female sex workers in our study were primarily rural-to-urban migrants (95.7%) with an average age of 41 years old. 24.3% and 62.8% of the sex workers reported intimate-partner violence and client-initiated violence respectively. Lack of financial support, as defined by having only one individual or none in her peer support system to help financially, was significantly associated with self-reported intimate-partner violence (AOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.9). Respondents who reported client-initiated violence, by contrast, were more likely to report lacked psychosocial support from family (AOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0–4.6) and peers (AOR: 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2–11). This study is one of the first to systematically analyze the associations between social network and gender-based violence among street-based female sex worker. We reported a high prevalence of both types of gender-based violence and their complex associations with family, friends, and peer support network. Policies with goals to reduce violence against women may apply these findings to leverage social network in the interventions against gender-based violence.